Cardiovascular System Review
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Questions and Answers

Blood being pumped out of the left ventricle enters the _______.

aorta

What are the smallest blood vessels in our body?

Capillaries

Match the arteries with their location on the diagram.

Abdominal aorta = D Anterior tibial = AC Ascending aorta = C Arcuate = CE Axillary = AD Brachial = AE Carotid = A Common iliac = AB Femoral = CD Subclavian = B Ulnar = BC

Flashcards

Arteries

Carry blood away from the heart

Veins

Carry blood toward the heart

Capillaries

Smallest blood vessels, where exchange between blood and tissues occur

Tunica Media

The muscular layer of blood vessels

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Tunica Intima

The innermost layer of blood vessels, lining the lumen

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Tunica Externa

The outermost layer of blood vessels

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Venules

Smallest veins that collect blood from capillaries

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Arterioles

Smallest arteries that branch from larger arteries

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Systolic Pressure

Blood pressure measured during ventricular contraction

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Diastolic Pressure

Blood pressure measured during ventricular relaxation

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Pulse Pressure

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

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Peripheral Resistance

The resistance to blood flow in the circulatory system

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Cardiac Output

The amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute

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Blood Pressure

The force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels

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Intrinsic Cardiac Conduction System

A network of specialized conductive cells in the heart that controls heart rhythm

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Sinoatrial (SA) Node

The pacemaker of the heart, located in the right atrium

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Atrioventricular (AV) Node

A small group of specialized conductive cells in the right atrium

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Atrioventricular (AV) Bundle

A bundle of specialized conductive fibers that connect the atria to the ventricles

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Bundle Branches

Branches of the AV bundle that conduct impulses to the left and right ventricles

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Subendocardial Conducting Network (Purkinje Fibers)

A network of specialized conductive fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the contractile cells

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Electrocardiogram (ECG)

The electrical activity of the heart that can be recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG)

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P Wave

A wave on an ECG that represents atrial depolarization

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P-Q segment

A segment on an ECG that represents the delay of impulse at the AV node

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QRS Complex

A complex on an ECG that represents ventricular depolarization

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S-T Segment

A segment on an ECG that represents the time between ventricular depolarization and repolarization

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T Wave

A wave on an ECG that represents ventricular repolarization

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Aorta

The largest artery in the body, carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the body

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Ascending Aorta

The first portion of the aorta that emerges from the left ventricle

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Descending Aorta

The portion of the aorta that descends through the chest

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Abdominal Aorta

The portion of the aorta that descends through the abdomen

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Brachiocephalic Trunk

A large artery that branches off the aortic arch and gives rise to the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries

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Carotid Arteries

A large artery that carries blood to the head and neck

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Subclavian Arteries

A large artery that carries blood to the arms

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Femoral Arteries

A large artery that carries blood to the legs

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Study Notes

Cardiovascular System Review

  • Blood Pressure Control: The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for vasomotor tone.

  • Blood Pressure: Blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg has a diastolic pressure of 80 mmHg.

  • Blood Pressure: If blood pressure is 110/80 mmHg, pulse pressure is 30 mmHg.

  • Blood Flow: Blood flow is inversely proportional to peripheral resistance.

  • Blood Vessel Function: Capillaries are the site of exchange between blood vessels and cells.

  • Venules: Venules unite to form veins.

  • Blood Vessel Structure: Smooth muscle is a component of blood vessel walls.

  • Blood Vessel Structure: Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels.

  • Blood Vessel Structure: The tunica media is the muscular layer of blood vessels.

  • Blood Vessel Function: Arterioles control blood flow to tissues.

  • Blood Vessel Function: Sinusoids are highly modified capillaries. Also:

    • Arteries, arterioles, venules, capillaries are all forms of blood vessels.

  • Blood Vessels: The internal carotids supply 80% of the cerebrum's blood flow

  • Blood Flow: The ascending aorta is the first part of the aorta

  • Blood Flow: Low oxygen levels in skeletal muscle result in vasoconstriction.

  • Circulation and Blood Flow: The correct answers for the multiple choice questions, regarding the various parts of the circulatory system.

  • Heart Conduction: A P wave denotes atrial depolarization. The PQ segment refers to the time when the impulse is delayed at the AV (Atrioventricular)node. The QRS complex signals ventricular depolarization, followed by atrial repolarization. An S-T segment signifies complete depolarization of the ventricles. The T wave shows ventricular repolarization.

Heart Anatomy

  • Heart Anatomy: The image displays the four heart chambers (right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle) as well as major blood vessels and valves (tricuspid valve, mitral/bicuspid valve, aortic valve, pulmonary valve)

Blood Types

  • Blood Types: Images provided illustrate blood typing.

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Cardiovascular Quiz Show 2019 PDF

Description

This quiz focuses on the key concepts of the cardiovascular system, including blood pressure control, blood flow dynamics, and the structure and function of blood vessels. Test your knowledge on how different blood vessels operate and their significance in the circulatory system.

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