Blood Vessels
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Questions and Answers

What is the actual volume of blood flowing through a vessel, an organ, or the entire circulation in a given period?

  • Varies widely through individual organs, according to immediate needs
  • Is relatively constant when at rest
  • Is equivalent to cardiac output (CO), considering the entire vascular system (correct)
  • Is measured in ml per min.

    • What is the force per unit area exerted on the wall of a blood vessel by its contained blood?

  • Measured in reference to systemic arterial BP in large arteries near the heart
  • Is 0 mm Hg in the right atrium
  • Is highest in the aorta
  • Expressed in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) (correct)

    • What is the measure of the amount of friction blood encounters as it passes through vessels?

  • Referred to as peripheral resistance (PR) (correct)
  • Is relatively constant
  • Generally encountered in the systemic circulation
  • Opposition to flow

    • What are the three important sources of resistance?

    <p>Blood viscosity, total blood vessel length, and blood vessel diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does resistance vary with vessel radius?

    <p>Resistance varies inversely with the fourth power of vessel radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for blood pressure?

    <p>BP = CO x PR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemicals increase blood pressure?

    <p>Adrenal medulla hormones – norepinephrine and epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of circulatory shock?

    <p>Hypovolemic shock, vascular shock, and cardiogenic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the factors aiding venous return?

    <p>Respiratory “pump” and muscular “pump”</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What chemicals decrease blood pressure?

    <p>Alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major function of valves during venous return?

    <p>To prevent backflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor influencing blood pressure?

    <p>Cardiac output (CO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood vessel is responsible for controlling flow into capillary beds via vasodilation and constriction?

    <p>Arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the tunica media in elastic (conducting) arteries?

    <p>Elastin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of capillary allows only a single red blood cell to pass at a time?

    <p>Continuous capillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of venules in the circulatory system?

    <p>Allow fluids and white blood cells to pass from the bloodstream to tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference in the composition of tunica media between muscular arteries and elastic arteries?

    <p>Elastic arteries have more smooth muscle and less elastic tissue than muscular arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of veins in the circulatory system?

    <p>Serve as blood reservoirs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference in blood pressure between veins and arteries?

    <p>Veins have much lower blood pressure than arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the tunica externa (tunica adventitia) of blood vessels?

    <p>Protect and reinforce vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of capillary beds in the circulatory system?

    <p>Microcirculation of interwoven networks of capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of artery has the largest lumen and allows low-resistance conduction of blood?

    <p>Elastic arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of postcapillary venules in the circulatory system?

    <p>Allow fluids and white blood cells to pass from the bloodstream to tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the walls of capillaries?

    <p>Endothelium with sparse basal lamina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood flow is equivalent to cardiac output (CO), considering the entire vascular system

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood pressure is highest in the right atrium

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Maintaining blood pressure requires the supervision of the brain

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemicals that decrease blood pressure include endothelium-derived factors

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vascular shock results from extreme vasoconstriction

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Arteries always carry blood away from the heart, while veins always carry blood toward the heart.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Capillaries have walls consisting of a thin tunica media, one cell thick, and allow only a single red blood cell to pass at a time.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Venules are formed when capillary beds unite and allow fluids and white blood cells to pass from the bloodstream to tissues.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Veins have much lower blood pressure and thinner walls than arteries.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Venules are the smallest blood vessels and are composed of endothelium and a few pericytes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Veins have thicker walls than arteries.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscular arteries are responsible for controlling flow into capillary beds via vasodilation and constriction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tunica externa of blood vessels is composed of collagen fibers that protect and reinforce the vessels.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The force per unit area exerted on the wall of a blood vessel by its contained blood is known as blood flow.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Capillaries are the largest blood vessels in the circulatory system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood pressure is expressed in centimeters of mercury (cm Hg)

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The steepest change in blood pressure occurs in the arterioles

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemicals that decrease blood pressure include norepinephrine and epinephrine

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Maintaining blood pressure requires cooperation of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Resistance varies inversely with the fourth power of vessel radius

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

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