44 Questions
What is the actual volume of blood flowing through a vessel, an organ, or the entire circulation in a given period?
Is equivalent to cardiac output (CO), considering the entire vascular system
What is the force per unit area exerted on the wall of a blood vessel by its contained blood?
Expressed in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
What is the measure of the amount of friction blood encounters as it passes through vessels?
Referred to as peripheral resistance (PR)
What are the three important sources of resistance?
Blood viscosity, total blood vessel length, and blood vessel diameter
How does resistance vary with vessel radius?
Resistance varies inversely with the fourth power of vessel radius
What is the equation for blood pressure?
BP = CO x PR
Which chemicals increase blood pressure?
Adrenal medulla hormones – norepinephrine and epinephrine
What are the three types of circulatory shock?
Hypovolemic shock, vascular shock, and cardiogenic shock
What are the factors aiding venous return?
Respiratory “pump” and muscular “pump”
What chemicals decrease blood pressure?
Alcohol
What is the major function of valves during venous return?
To prevent backflow
What is the main factor influencing blood pressure?
Cardiac output (CO)
Which type of blood vessel is responsible for controlling flow into capillary beds via vasodilation and constriction?
Arterioles
What is the main component of the tunica media in elastic (conducting) arteries?
Elastin
Which type of capillary allows only a single red blood cell to pass at a time?
Continuous capillary
What is the main function of venules in the circulatory system?
Allow fluids and white blood cells to pass from the bloodstream to tissues
What is the main difference in the composition of tunica media between muscular arteries and elastic arteries?
Elastic arteries have more smooth muscle and less elastic tissue than muscular arteries
What is the main function of veins in the circulatory system?
Serve as blood reservoirs
What is the main difference in blood pressure between veins and arteries?
Veins have much lower blood pressure than arteries
What is the main function of the tunica externa (tunica adventitia) of blood vessels?
Protect and reinforce vessels
What is the main function of capillary beds in the circulatory system?
Microcirculation of interwoven networks of capillaries
Which type of artery has the largest lumen and allows low-resistance conduction of blood?
Elastic arteries
What is the main function of postcapillary venules in the circulatory system?
Allow fluids and white blood cells to pass from the bloodstream to tissues
What is the main component of the walls of capillaries?
Endothelium with sparse basal lamina
Blood flow is equivalent to cardiac output (CO), considering the entire vascular system
True
Blood pressure is highest in the right atrium
False
Maintaining blood pressure requires the supervision of the brain
True
Chemicals that decrease blood pressure include endothelium-derived factors
False
Vascular shock results from extreme vasoconstriction
False
Arteries always carry blood away from the heart, while veins always carry blood toward the heart.
True
Capillaries have walls consisting of a thin tunica media, one cell thick, and allow only a single red blood cell to pass at a time.
True
Venules are formed when capillary beds unite and allow fluids and white blood cells to pass from the bloodstream to tissues.
True
Veins have much lower blood pressure and thinner walls than arteries.
True
Venules are the smallest blood vessels and are composed of endothelium and a few pericytes.
False
Veins have thicker walls than arteries.
False
Muscular arteries are responsible for controlling flow into capillary beds via vasodilation and constriction.
False
The tunica externa of blood vessels is composed of collagen fibers that protect and reinforce the vessels.
True
The force per unit area exerted on the wall of a blood vessel by its contained blood is known as blood flow.
False
Capillaries are the largest blood vessels in the circulatory system.
False
Blood pressure is expressed in centimeters of mercury (cm Hg)
False
The steepest change in blood pressure occurs in the arterioles
True
Chemicals that decrease blood pressure include norepinephrine and epinephrine
False
Maintaining blood pressure requires cooperation of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs
False
Resistance varies inversely with the fourth power of vessel radius
True
Test your knowledge of blood vessels with this quiz. Learn about the layers of blood vessel walls and their functions, compare the structure and function of different types of arteries, understand the role of veins, and explore the structure and function of capillary beds. Also, define blood pressure, blood flow, and resistance, and locate major blood vessels in the body.
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