Cardiovascular System Regulation

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What is a receptor?

Movement of an organism in response to a stimulus

A specific direction in which an organism moves in response to a stimulus

Something that can be detected by an organism

An organ or specialised cell that detects a change causing a stimulus (correct)

What is negative taxis?

Movement in random directions

Movement towards the stimulus

Movement away from the stimulus (correct)

Movement towards areas with lower glucose concentration

Which response involves movement in random directions?

Negative taxis

Chemotaxis

Kinesis (correct)

Positive taxis

In positive chemotaxis, mobile bacteria move towards areas with:

Higher concentration of glucose Signup and view all the answers

What does a kinesis response aim to achieve?

Increase the chance of entering different conditions more rapidly Signup and view all the answers

Plants respond to external stimuli primarily to:

Increase their chance of survival Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate consequence of sodium ions rapidly entering the cell membrane?

Membrane potential becomes depolarized Signup and view all the answers

Where are photoreceptors located in the eye?

Retina Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cone cells in the eye?

Color vision Signup and view all the answers

Which structure controls the amount of light entering the eye?

Iris Signup and view all the answers

Why is the point where the optic nerve leaves the eye known as the blind spot?

No photoreceptor cells are located there Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of rods in vision?

Monochromatic vision in low light conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of joints in the human body?

To permit body parts to move Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle pair consists of muscles that pull in opposite directions?

Antagonistic muscle pairs Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the triceps muscle relaxes?

The biceps muscle contracts Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is under voluntary control?

Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What protein fibers run through muscle cells to increase their strength?

Myofibrils Signup and view all the answers

What is required in extremely large amounts for muscle contraction to occur?

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the accelerator nerve in relation to the heart rate?

Delivers a higher frequency of impulses to increase the heart rate Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system does the vagus nerve belong to?

Parasympathetic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

How do chemoreceptors in the body affect heart rate?

Increase heart rate by detecting high carbon dioxide concentration Signup and view all the answers

What role do baroreceptors play in regulating blood pressure?

Decrease blood pressure by sending more impulses via the parasympathetic pathway Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect on heart rate when blood pH and pressure return to normal?

Heart rate returns to normal levels after correction of pH and pressure changes Signup and view all the answers

Which nervous system is responsible for coordinating communication within the body?

Autonomic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What event occurs after the neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft?

The neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of calcium ions in synaptic transmission?

Cause fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which ion enters the presynaptic neurone after the opening of sodium ion channels?

Potassium ions Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is responsible for breaking down acetylcholine into choline and ethanoic acid?

Acetylcholinesterase Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ligaments in the skeletal system?

Join bones together and determine joint movement Signup and view all the answers

What happens to acetylcholine after it is broken down by acetylcholinesterase?

Diffuses back into the presynaptic neurone Signup and view all the answers