Body Fluids and Circulation
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the medulla oblongata in regulating cardiac activity?

  • To regulate the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems (correct)
  • To produce adrenal medullary hormones
  • To decrease the rate of the heartbeat and cardiac output
  • To increase the rate of the heartbeat and cardiac output

    • What is the approximate percentage of plasma in the blood volume?

  • 70-75%
  • 50-55% (correct)
  • 40-45%
  • 60-65%

    • What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system in regulating cardiac activity?

  • To regulate the sympathetic nervous system
  • To produce adrenal medullary hormones
  • To decrease the rate of the heartbeat and cardiac output (correct)
  • To increase the rate of the heartbeat and cardiac output

    • What is the term for the cells suspended in the fluid matrix of blood?

    <p>Formed elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of blood in the body?

    <p>To transport oxygen and nutrients throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the fluid matrix of blood that contains various dissolved components?

    <p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart chambers?

    <p>Heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for cardiac output?

    <p>Liters per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pressures is measured during the relaxation of the heart muscle?

    <p>Diastolic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the device used to measure blood pressure?

    <p>Sphygmomanometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force that drives the flow of blood from the heart through the arteries and arterioles to the capillary beds?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is blood pressure only calculated in arteries?

    <p>Because the blood pressure in arteries is much higher than in veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the blood in the ventricles flows into the pulmonary artery and the aorta?

    <p>The semilunar valves are forced open</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the majority of the blood flow from the atria to the ventricles?

    <p>Atrial systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average heart rate in a normal individual?

    <p>70-75 beats per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the sound produced by the closure of the atrioventricular valves?

    <p>Lub</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle during a single cardiac cycle?

    <p>70 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle known as?

    <p>Diastole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system is responsible for increasing the rate of the heartbeat and strength of ventricular contractions?

    <p>Sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of plasma in the blood?

    <p>To carry away carbon dioxide and waste products from body cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones increases the cardiac output?

    <p>Adrenaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the cells suspended in the fluid matrix of blood?

    <p>Formed elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nervous system decreases the rate of the heartbeat and speed of conduction of action potential?

    <p>Parasympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of plasma in the blood volume?

    <p>55%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

    <p>To provide nutrients, gases, and hormones to different parts of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between open and closed circulatory systems?

    <p>Open circulatory systems pump hemolymph through vessels, while closed circulatory systems pump blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the heart in the circulatory system?

    <p>To pump circulatory fluid throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of blood in the body?

    <p>To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the fluid matrix of blood that contains various dissolved components?

    <p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the excretory system in relation to the circulatory system?

    <p>To collect and remove waste from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of chordae tendinae and papillary muscles?

    <p>To regulate the opening and closing of bicuspid and tricuspid valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of arteries that carry oxygenated blood?

    <p>They are pinkish or bright red in color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

    <p>To allow exchange of gases and other materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of circulation found in fish?

    <p>Single circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of arteries and veins?

    <p>Tunica externa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that guards the opening between the right atrium and right ventricle?

    <p>Tricuspid valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

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