Cardiovascular System Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which layer of the heart is the thick muscle responsible for contraction?

Epicardium

Pericardium

Myocardium (correct)

Endocardium

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cardiovascular system?

Distributing blood to all areas of the body

Removal of waste products

Delivery of needed substances to cells

Distributing oxygen to the lungs (correct)

What does the combining form 'phleb/o' refer to?

Heart

Artery

Vessel

Vein (correct)

An angioplasty is a term used for which of the following?

Surgical repair of a vessel Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cardiovascular system includes arteries, veins, and capillaries?

Blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

Which combining form refers to the heart?

cardi/o Signup and view all the answers

What is an atheroma?

Tumor or growth of fatty substance Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes involuntary muscle contraction in a vessel?

Angiospasm Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'bradycardia' indicate?

State of slow heart Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to inflammation of a vein?

Phlebitis Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'cardiomegaly' signify?

Enlarged heart Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the condition known as 'tachycardia'?

State of fast heart Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the heart's electrical recording?

Electrocardiogram Signup and view all the answers

What does 'interventricular' refer to?

Between the ventricles Signup and view all the answers

What does 'orthostatic hypotension' describe?

Low blood pressure when standing up Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by irregular heartbeat?

Arrhythmia Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'cardiologist' refer to?

A heart specialist Signup and view all the answers

Cardiomyopathy refers to the disease of heart muscles.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'ischaemia'?

Local and temporary deficiency of blood supply. Signup and view all the answers

The condition characterized by severe pain and constriction around the heart is called ______.

angina pectoris Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their meanings:

tachycardia = State of fast heart rate bradycardia = State of slow heart rate palpitations = Pounding, racing heartbeats arrhythmia = Irregularity in heartbeat Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

Distribute blood to all areas of the body Signup and view all the answers

The three layers of the heart are the endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes an inflammation of a vein?

Phlebitis Signup and view all the answers

A venogram is a record of a vein.

True Signup and view all the answers

Name one of the combining forms that refer to blood vessels.

angi/o Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'congestive heart failure' describe?

Left ventricle muscle is too weak to pump effectively. Signup and view all the answers

The outer layer of the heart is called the ______.

epicardium Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

angioplasty = Surgical repair of a blood vessel atheroma = Tumor of fatty substance angiitis = Inflammation of a vessel valvuloplasty = Surgical repair of a valve Signup and view all the answers

What does the combining form 'atri/o' refer to?

Atrium Signup and view all the answers

An angiogram is a record of a vessel.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of arteries in the cardiovascular system?

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of the cardiovascular system?

Distribute blood to all areas of the body Signup and view all the answers

The epicardium is the inner layer of the heart.

False Signup and view all the answers

Name one function of veins in the cardiovascular system.

To return deoxygenated blood to the heart Signup and view all the answers

The contraction of the myocardium is necessary for pumping blood ______.

through blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

Match each combining form with its corresponding meaning:

angi/o = vessel cardi/o = heart phleb/o = vein vascul/o = blood vessel Signup and view all the answers

What does the combining form 'ather/o' refer to?

Fatty substance Signup and view all the answers

An angioplasty is a surgical procedure to widen a narrowed blood vessel.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of capillaries in the cardiovascular system?

Exchange of gases and nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'cardiomyopathy'?

Condition of weak heart muscles Signup and view all the answers

Tachycardia refers to a state of slow heart rate.

False Signup and view all the answers

What does 'phlebitis' refer to?

Inflammation of a vein Signup and view all the answers

The condition characterized by a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing is known as ______.

orthostatic hypotension Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their definitions:

Angina pectoris = Severe pain and constriction around the heart Arrhythmia = Irregularity in heartbeat Cardiac arrest = Complete stopping of heart activity Congestive heart failure = Left ventricle muscle is too weak Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms refers to a record of the heart's electrical activity?

Electrocardiogram Signup and view all the answers

Cardiorrhexis means an enlarged heart.

False Signup and view all the answers

What specialist treats cardiovascular diseases?

Cardiologist Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of capillaries in the cardiovascular system?

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with tissues Signup and view all the answers

The heart is composed of three layers: endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium.

False Signup and view all the answers

Name the combining form that refers to the aorta.

aort/o Signup and view all the answers

The _____ is the thick muscle layer of the heart responsible for contraction.

myocardium Signup and view all the answers

Match the cardiovascular combining forms with their meanings:

ven/o = vein arteri/o = artery angi/o = vessel cardi/o = heart Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by narrowing of a blood vessel?

Angiostenosis Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up?

Orthostatic hypotension Signup and view all the answers

Cardiomegaly refers to a condition of an enlarged heart.

True Signup and view all the answers

Epicardium is the middle layer of the heart.

False Signup and view all the answers

Define 'arrhythmia'.

Irregularity in heartbeat Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of veins in the cardiovascular system?

To return deoxygenated blood to the heart. Signup and view all the answers

The term __________ is used for record of the heart's electrical activity.

electrocardiogram Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Ischemia = Local deficiency of blood supply Cardiac arrest = Complete stopping of heart activity Palpitations = Pounding, racing heartbeats Cardiomyopathy = Myocardial disease Signup and view all the answers

What does the medical term 'phlebitis' indicate?

Inflammation of a vein Signup and view all the answers

A cardiologist is a specialist who focuses on diseases of the liver.

False Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-itis' signify in medical terminology?

'Inflammation' Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the cardiovascular system?

Lungs Signup and view all the answers

The epicardium is the inner layer of the heart.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of capillaries in the cardiovascular system?

Gas and nutrient exchange Signup and view all the answers

Angioplasty refers to the surgical repair of a ______.

vessel Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their meanings:

Atheroma = Fatty substance tumor/growth Angiitis = Inflammation of a vessel Thrombosis = Formation of a blood clot Electrocardiogram = Record of the heart's electrical activity Signup and view all the answers

Which heart layer is responsible for contraction?

Myocardium Signup and view all the answers

What does the combining form 'ven/o' refer to?

Vein Signup and view all the answers

The main function of the cardiovascular system is to circulate blood throughout the body.

True Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by a state of slow heart rate?

Bradycardia Signup and view all the answers

Cardiomyopathy refers to a condition affecting the heart muscles.

True Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'ischemia' refer to?

Local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to circulatory obstruction. Signup and view all the answers

The condition characterized by severe pain and constriction around the heart is called ______.

angina pectoris Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their meanings:

Phlebitis = Inflammation of a vein Tachycardia = State of fast heart Cardiac arrest = Complete stopping of heart activity Ventricular = Pertaining to the ventricles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms refers to a small vein?

Venule Signup and view all the answers

Cardiorrhexis refers to a ruptured heart.

True Signup and view all the answers

What role does a cardiologist serve?

A cardiologist is a specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cardiovascular system?

Lungs Signup and view all the answers

The heart has four main chambers.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of capillaries in the cardiovascular system?

Exchange of substances between blood and tissues Signup and view all the answers

The middle layer of the heart responsible for contraction is known as the ______.

myocardium Signup and view all the answers

Match the following combining forms with their meanings:

angi/o = vessel coron/o = heart phleb/o = vein sphygm/o = pulse Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms describes the surgical repair of a vessel?

Angioplasty Signup and view all the answers

The outer layer of the heart is called the endocardium.

False Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'atheroma' refer to?

A fatty substance tumor or growth within a vessel Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'myocardial' refer to?

Pertaining to the heart muscle Signup and view all the answers

Bradycardia relates to a state of fast heart rate.

False Signup and view all the answers

What does 'palpitations' describe?

Pounding, racing heartbeats Signup and view all the answers

The condition characterized by a complete stopping of heart activity is called ______.

cardiac arrest Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

angina pectoris = Severe pain and sensation of constriction around the heart tachycardia = State of fast heart phlebitis = Inflammation of a vein cardiomyopathy = Myocardial disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sphygmomanometer?

Measures blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Cardiomegaly refers to a condition of a smaller-than-usual heart.

False Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'ischemia' refer to?

Local and temporary deficiency of blood supply Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs are part of the Cardiovascular System? (Select all that apply)

Heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Cardiovascular System?

Distribute blood to all areas of the body Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms to their definitions:

Ischemia = Local and temporary deficiency of blood supply Cardiology = Branch of medicine for cardiovascular disease Arrhythmia = Irregularity in heartbeat Angina Pectoris = Severe pain and sensation of constriction around the heart Signup and view all the answers

The myocardium is the outer layer of the heart.

False Signup and view all the answers

The _____ is the muscle layer of the heart.

myocardium Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a blood clot within a blood vessel?

Thrombus Signup and view all the answers

What does the term hypotension refer to?

Decrease in blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Cardiomyopathy refers to the inflammation of the heart muscle layer.

False Signup and view all the answers

What instrument is used to measure blood pressure?

Sphygmomanometer Signup and view all the answers

____ are small veins.

Venules Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Organs of the Cardiovascular System

Comprises the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins.

Functions of the Cardiovascular System

Distributes blood throughout the body.
Delivers essential substances to cells.
Removes metabolic waste from tissues.

Heart Structure

Comprised of three layers:
- Endocardium: Smooth inner layer lining heart chambers to reduce friction.
- Myocardium: Thick muscular middle layer responsible for heart contractions.
- Epicardium: Outer layer forming the visceral layer of the pericardial sac, providing outer protection.

Cardiovascular Combining Forms

angi/o: vessel
aort/o: aorta
arteri/o: artery
ather/o: fatty substance
atri/o: atrium
cardi/o: heart
coron/o: heart
hemangi/o: blood vessel
phleb/o: vein
sphygm/o: pulse
thromb/o: clot
valv/o / valvul/o: valve
vascul/o / vas/o: blood vessel / duct
ven/o: vein
ventricul/o: ventricle

Heart Conduction System

Utilizes electrical impulses to coordinate heartbeats, detectable through electrocardiograms (ECGs).

Word Building Examples

With "angi/o":
- -gram: angiogram (record of a vessel)
- -itis: angiitis (inflammation of a vessel)
- -plasty: angioplasty (surgical repair of a vessel)
With "ather/o":
- -ectomy: atherectomy (surgical removal of a fatty substance)
- -oma: atheroma (tumor of fatty substance)
With "cardi/o":
- -ac: cardiac (pertaining to the heart)
- brady- -ia: bradycardia (slow heart rate)
- -megaly: cardiomegaly (enlarged heart)
- -ologist: cardiologist (heart specialist)

Cardiovascular Vocabulary

Cardiology: Medical branch for diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
Ischemia: Local and temporary deficiency in blood supply.
Palpitations: Pounding or racing heartbeats.
Orthostatic hypotension: Sudden blood pressure drop upon standing.
Sphygmomanometer: Device for measuring blood pressure.

Heart Pathology

Angina pectoris: Severe chest pain due to reduced blood flow.
Arrhythmia: Irregular heartbeat.
Cardiac arrest: Complete cessation of heart activity.
Cardiomyopathy: Disease affecting heart muscle.
Congestive heart failure: Inability of the left ventricle to pump efficiently, leading to fluid build-up.

Organs of the Cardiovascular System

Comprises the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins.

Functions of the Cardiovascular System

Distributes blood throughout the body.
Delivers essential substances to cells.
Removes metabolic waste from tissues.

Heart Structure

Comprised of three layers:
- Endocardium: Smooth inner layer lining heart chambers to reduce friction.
- Myocardium: Thick muscular middle layer responsible for heart contractions.
- Epicardium: Outer layer forming the visceral layer of the pericardial sac, providing outer protection.

Cardiovascular Combining Forms

angi/o: vessel
aort/o: aorta
arteri/o: artery
ather/o: fatty substance
atri/o: atrium
cardi/o: heart
coron/o: heart
hemangi/o: blood vessel
phleb/o: vein
sphygm/o: pulse
thromb/o: clot
valv/o / valvul/o: valve
vascul/o / vas/o: blood vessel / duct
ven/o: vein
ventricul/o: ventricle

Heart Conduction System

Utilizes electrical impulses to coordinate heartbeats, detectable through electrocardiograms (ECGs).

Word Building Examples

With "angi/o":
- -gram: angiogram (record of a vessel)
- -itis: angiitis (inflammation of a vessel)
- -plasty: angioplasty (surgical repair of a vessel)
With "ather/o":
- -ectomy: atherectomy (surgical removal of a fatty substance)
- -oma: atheroma (tumor of fatty substance)
With "cardi/o":
- -ac: cardiac (pertaining to the heart)
- brady- -ia: bradycardia (slow heart rate)
- -megaly: cardiomegaly (enlarged heart)
- -ologist: cardiologist (heart specialist)

Cardiovascular Vocabulary

Cardiology: Medical branch for diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
Ischemia: Local and temporary deficiency in blood supply.
Palpitations: Pounding or racing heartbeats.
Orthostatic hypotension: Sudden blood pressure drop upon standing.
Sphygmomanometer: Device for measuring blood pressure.

Heart Pathology

Angina pectoris: Severe chest pain due to reduced blood flow.
Arrhythmia: Irregular heartbeat.
Cardiac arrest: Complete cessation of heart activity.
Cardiomyopathy: Disease affecting heart muscle.
Congestive heart failure: Inability of the left ventricle to pump efficiently, leading to fluid build-up.

Organs of the Cardiovascular System

Comprises the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins.

Functions of the Cardiovascular System

Distributes blood throughout the body.
Delivers essential substances to cells.
Removes metabolic waste from tissues.

Heart Structure

Comprised of three layers:
- Endocardium: Smooth inner layer lining heart chambers to reduce friction.
- Myocardium: Thick muscular middle layer responsible for heart contractions.
- Epicardium: Outer layer forming the visceral layer of the pericardial sac, providing outer protection.

Cardiovascular Combining Forms

angi/o: vessel
aort/o: aorta
arteri/o: artery
ather/o: fatty substance
atri/o: atrium
cardi/o: heart
coron/o: heart
hemangi/o: blood vessel
phleb/o: vein
sphygm/o: pulse
thromb/o: clot
valv/o / valvul/o: valve
vascul/o / vas/o: blood vessel / duct
ven/o: vein
ventricul/o: ventricle

Heart Conduction System

Utilizes electrical impulses to coordinate heartbeats, detectable through electrocardiograms (ECGs).

Word Building Examples

With "angi/o":
- -gram: angiogram (record of a vessel)
- -itis: angiitis (inflammation of a vessel)
- -plasty: angioplasty (surgical repair of a vessel)
With "ather/o":
- -ectomy: atherectomy (surgical removal of a fatty substance)
- -oma: atheroma (tumor of fatty substance)
With "cardi/o":
- -ac: cardiac (pertaining to the heart)
- brady- -ia: bradycardia (slow heart rate)
- -megaly: cardiomegaly (enlarged heart)
- -ologist: cardiologist (heart specialist)

Cardiovascular Vocabulary

Cardiology: Medical branch for diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
Ischemia: Local and temporary deficiency in blood supply.
Palpitations: Pounding or racing heartbeats.
Orthostatic hypotension: Sudden blood pressure drop upon standing.
Sphygmomanometer: Device for measuring blood pressure.

Heart Pathology

Angina pectoris: Severe chest pain due to reduced blood flow.
Arrhythmia: Irregular heartbeat.
Cardiac arrest: Complete cessation of heart activity.
Cardiomyopathy: Disease affecting heart muscle.
Congestive heart failure: Inability of the left ventricle to pump efficiently, leading to fluid build-up.

Organs of the Cardiovascular System

Comprises the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins.

Functions of the Cardiovascular System

Distributes blood throughout the body.
Delivers essential substances to cells.
Removes metabolic waste from tissues.

Heart Structure

Comprised of three layers:
- Endocardium: Smooth inner layer lining heart chambers to reduce friction.
- Myocardium: Thick muscular middle layer responsible for heart contractions.
- Epicardium: Outer layer forming the visceral layer of the pericardial sac, providing outer protection.

Cardiovascular Combining Forms

angi/o: vessel
aort/o: aorta
arteri/o: artery
ather/o: fatty substance
atri/o: atrium
cardi/o: heart
coron/o: heart
hemangi/o: blood vessel
phleb/o: vein
sphygm/o: pulse
thromb/o: clot
valv/o / valvul/o: valve
vascul/o / vas/o: blood vessel / duct
ven/o: vein
ventricul/o: ventricle

Heart Conduction System

Utilizes electrical impulses to coordinate heartbeats, detectable through electrocardiograms (ECGs).

Word Building Examples

With "angi/o":
- -gram: angiogram (record of a vessel)
- -itis: angiitis (inflammation of a vessel)
- -plasty: angioplasty (surgical repair of a vessel)
With "ather/o":
- -ectomy: atherectomy (surgical removal of a fatty substance)
- -oma: atheroma (tumor of fatty substance)
With "cardi/o":
- -ac: cardiac (pertaining to the heart)
- brady- -ia: bradycardia (slow heart rate)
- -megaly: cardiomegaly (enlarged heart)
- -ologist: cardiologist (heart specialist)

Cardiovascular Vocabulary

Cardiology: Medical branch for diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
Ischemia: Local and temporary deficiency in blood supply.
Palpitations: Pounding or racing heartbeats.
Orthostatic hypotension: Sudden blood pressure drop upon standing.
Sphygmomanometer: Device for measuring blood pressure.

Heart Pathology

Angina pectoris: Severe chest pain due to reduced blood flow.
Arrhythmia: Irregular heartbeat.
Cardiac arrest: Complete cessation of heart activity.
Cardiomyopathy: Disease affecting heart muscle.
Congestive heart failure: Inability of the left ventricle to pump efficiently, leading to fluid build-up.

Organs of the Cardiovascular System

Comprises the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins.

Functions of the Cardiovascular System

Distributes blood throughout the body.
Delivers essential substances to cells.
Removes metabolic waste from tissues.

Heart Structure

Comprised of three layers:
- Endocardium: Smooth inner layer lining heart chambers to reduce friction.
- Myocardium: Thick muscular middle layer responsible for heart contractions.
- Epicardium: Outer layer forming the visceral layer of the pericardial sac, providing outer protection.

Cardiovascular Combining Forms

angi/o: vessel
aort/o: aorta
arteri/o: artery
ather/o: fatty substance
atri/o: atrium
cardi/o: heart
coron/o: heart
hemangi/o: blood vessel
phleb/o: vein
sphygm/o: pulse
thromb/o: clot
valv/o / valvul/o: valve
vascul/o / vas/o: blood vessel / duct
ven/o: vein
ventricul/o: ventricle

Heart Conduction System

Utilizes electrical impulses to coordinate heartbeats, detectable through electrocardiograms (ECGs).

Word Building Examples

With "angi/o":
- -gram: angiogram (record of a vessel)
- -itis: angiitis (inflammation of a vessel)
- -plasty: angioplasty (surgical repair of a vessel)
With "ather/o":
- -ectomy: atherectomy (surgical removal of a fatty substance)
- -oma: atheroma (tumor of fatty substance)
With "cardi/o":
- -ac: cardiac (pertaining to the heart)
- brady- -ia: bradycardia (slow heart rate)
- -megaly: cardiomegaly (enlarged heart)
- -ologist: cardiologist (heart specialist)

Cardiovascular Vocabulary

Cardiology: Medical branch for diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
Ischemia: Local and temporary deficiency in blood supply.
Palpitations: Pounding or racing heartbeats.
Orthostatic hypotension: Sudden blood pressure drop upon standing.
Sphygmomanometer: Device for measuring blood pressure.

Heart Pathology

Angina pectoris: Severe chest pain due to reduced blood flow.
Arrhythmia: Irregular heartbeat.
Cardiac arrest: Complete cessation of heart activity.
Cardiomyopathy: Disease affecting heart muscle.
Congestive heart failure: Inability of the left ventricle to pump efficiently, leading to fluid build-up.

Organs of the Cardiovascular System

Comprises the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins.

Functions of the Cardiovascular System

Distributes blood throughout the body.
Delivers essential substances to cells.
Removes metabolic waste from tissues.

Heart Structure

Comprised of three layers:
- Endocardium: Smooth inner layer lining heart chambers to reduce friction.
- Myocardium: Thick muscular middle layer responsible for heart contractions.
- Epicardium: Outer layer forming the visceral layer of the pericardial sac, providing outer protection.

Cardiovascular Combining Forms

angi/o: vessel
aort/o: aorta
arteri/o: artery
ather/o: fatty substance
atri/o: atrium
cardi/o: heart
coron/o: heart
hemangi/o: blood vessel
phleb/o: vein
sphygm/o: pulse
thromb/o: clot
valv/o / valvul/o: valve
vascul/o / vas/o: blood vessel / duct
ven/o: vein
ventricul/o: ventricle

Heart Conduction System

Utilizes electrical impulses to coordinate heartbeats, detectable through electrocardiograms (ECGs).

Word Building Examples

With "angi/o":
- -gram: angiogram (record of a vessel)
- -itis: angiitis (inflammation of a vessel)
- -plasty: angioplasty (surgical repair of a vessel)
With "ather/o":
- -ectomy: atherectomy (surgical removal of a fatty substance)
- -oma: atheroma (tumor of fatty substance)
With "cardi/o":
- -ac: cardiac (pertaining to the heart)
- brady- -ia: bradycardia (slow heart rate)
- -megaly: cardiomegaly (enlarged heart)
- -ologist: cardiologist (heart specialist)

Cardiovascular Vocabulary

Cardiology: Medical branch for diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
Ischemia: Local and temporary deficiency in blood supply.
Palpitations: Pounding or racing heartbeats.
Orthostatic hypotension: Sudden blood pressure drop upon standing.
Sphygmomanometer: Device for measuring blood pressure.

Heart Pathology

Angina pectoris: Severe chest pain due to reduced blood flow.
Arrhythmia: Irregular heartbeat.
Cardiac arrest: Complete cessation of heart activity.
Cardiomyopathy: Disease affecting heart muscle.
Congestive heart failure: Inability of the left ventricle to pump efficiently, leading to fluid build-up.

Organs of the Cardiovascular System

Heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins comprise the main structures.

Functions of the Cardiovascular (CV) System

Distributes blood throughout the body.
Delivers essential substances to cells.
Removes metabolic wastes.

Heart Anatomy

Comprised of three layers:
- Endocardium: Innermost layer lining the heart chambers, reducing friction.
- Myocardium: Thick muscle layer responsible for heart contractions.
- Epicardium: Outermost layer forming the visceral layer of the pericardial sac; contains fluid that reduces friction.

Cardiovascular Combining Forms

angi/o: vessel
aort/o: aorta
arteri/o: artery
athero/o: fatty substance
atri/o: atrium
cardi/o: heart
coron/o: heart
hemangi/o: blood vessel
phleb/o: vein
sphygm/o: pulse
steth/o: chest
thromb/o: clot
valv/o, valvul/o: valve
vascul/o: blood vessel
vas/o: vessel, duct
ven/o: vein
ventricul/o: ventricle

Word Building - Combining Forms

angi/o:
- -gram: angiogram (record of a vessel)
- -itis: angiitis (inflammation of a vessel)
- -plasty: angioplasty (surgical repair of a vessel)
- -spasm: angiospasm (involuntary muscle contraction in a vessel)
- -stenosis: angiostenosis (narrowing of a vessel)
ather/o & atri/o:
- -ectomy: atherectomy (surgical removal of fatty substance)
- -oma: atheroma (tumor of fatty substance)
- -al: atrial (pertaining to the atrium)
cardi/o:
- -ac: cardiac (pertaining to the heart)
- brady- -ia: bradycardia (slow heart rate)
- electr/o -gram: electrocardiogram (record of heart’s electricity)
- -megaly: cardiomegaly (enlarged heart)
- my/o -al: myocardial (pertaining to heart muscle)
- -ologist: cardiologist (heart specialist)
- -rrhexis: cardiorrhexis (ruptured heart)
- tachy- -ia: tachycardia (fast heart rate)

Cardiology: Branch of medicine for diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases; specialists are cardiologists.
Ischemia: Localized deficiency of blood supply.
Murmur: Abnormal heart sound.
Palpitations: Rapid or pounding heartbeats.
Orthostatic Hypotension: Sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing.
Sphygmomanometer: Device for measuring blood pressure.

Heart Pathologies

Angina Pectoris: Severe chest pain due to constriction around the heart.
Arrhythmia: Irregularities in heartbeat.
Cardiac Arrest: Complete stopping of heart activity.
Cardiomyopathy: Disease of the heart muscle.
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Weakened left ventricle unable to efficiently pump blood.
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Poor blood supply to the heart muscle due to coronary artery obstruction.
Endocarditis: Inflammation of the heart's lining membranes.
Myocardial Infarction (MI): Heart attack caused by insufficient oxygen supply to the heart.
Myocarditis: Inflammation of the heart muscle layer.
Pericarditis: Inflammation of the pericardial sac.
Hypertension: High blood pressure.
Hypotension: Low blood pressure.
Thrombophlebitis: Inflammation of vein with blood clots.
Arteriosclerosis: Hardening and loss of elasticity in arterial walls.

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Description

This quiz covers essential terms and functions related to the cardiovascular system. Explore the organs, such as the heart, arteries, and veins, and understand their roles in blood distribution and waste removal. Perfect for students of anesthesia technology and health sciences.