Cardiovascular System Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which layer of the heart is the thick muscle responsible for contraction?

  • Epicardium
  • Pericardium
  • Myocardium (correct)
  • Endocardium

    • Which of the following is NOT a function of the cardiovascular system?

  • Distributing blood to all areas of the body
  • Removal of waste products
  • Delivery of needed substances to cells
  • Distributing oxygen to the lungs (correct)

    • What does the combining form 'phleb/o' refer to?

  • Heart
  • Artery
  • Vessel
  • Vein (correct)

    • An angioplasty is a term used for which of the following?

    <p>Surgical repair of a vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cardiovascular system includes arteries, veins, and capillaries?

    <p>Blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combining form refers to the heart?

    <p>cardi/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an atheroma?

    <p>Tumor or growth of fatty substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes involuntary muscle contraction in a vessel?

    <p>Angiospasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'bradycardia' indicate?

    <p>State of slow heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to inflammation of a vein?

    <p>Phlebitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'cardiomegaly' signify?

    <p>Enlarged heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the condition known as 'tachycardia'?

    <p>State of fast heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the heart's electrical recording?

    <p>Electrocardiogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'interventricular' refer to?

    <p>Between the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'orthostatic hypotension' describe?

    <p>Low blood pressure when standing up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by irregular heartbeat?

    <p>Arrhythmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'cardiologist' refer to?

    <p>A heart specialist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cardiomyopathy refers to the disease of heart muscles.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of 'ischaemia'?

    <p>Local and temporary deficiency of blood supply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The condition characterized by severe pain and constriction around the heart is called ______.

    <p>angina pectoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their meanings:

    <p>tachycardia = State of fast heart rate bradycardia = State of slow heart rate palpitations = Pounding, racing heartbeats arrhythmia = Irregularity in heartbeat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Distribute blood to all areas of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The three layers of the heart are the endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes an inflammation of a vein?

    <p>Phlebitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A venogram is a record of a vein.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one of the combining forms that refer to blood vessels.

    <p>angi/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'congestive heart failure' describe?

    <p>Left ventricle muscle is too weak to pump effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The outer layer of the heart is called the ______.

    <p>epicardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>angioplasty = Surgical repair of a blood vessel atheroma = Tumor of fatty substance angiitis = Inflammation of a vessel valvuloplasty = Surgical repair of a valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the combining form 'atri/o' refer to?

    <p>Atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An angiogram is a record of a vessel.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of arteries in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary functions of the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Distribute blood to all areas of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The epicardium is the inner layer of the heart.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one function of veins in the cardiovascular system.

    <p>To return deoxygenated blood to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The contraction of the myocardium is necessary for pumping blood ______.

    <p>through blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each combining form with its corresponding meaning:

    <p>angi/o = vessel cardi/o = heart phleb/o = vein vascul/o = blood vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the combining form 'ather/o' refer to?

    <p>Fatty substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An angioplasty is a surgical procedure to widen a narrowed blood vessel.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of capillaries in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Exchange of gases and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of 'cardiomyopathy'?

    <p>Condition of weak heart muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tachycardia refers to a state of slow heart rate.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'phlebitis' refer to?

    <p>Inflammation of a vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The condition characterized by a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing is known as ______.

    <p>orthostatic hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conditions with their definitions:

    <p>Angina pectoris = Severe pain and constriction around the heart Arrhythmia = Irregularity in heartbeat Cardiac arrest = Complete stopping of heart activity Congestive heart failure = Left ventricle muscle is too weak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to a record of the heart's electrical activity?

    <p>Electrocardiogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cardiorrhexis means an enlarged heart.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specialist treats cardiovascular diseases?

    <p>Cardiologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of capillaries in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The heart is composed of three layers: endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the combining form that refers to the aorta.

    <p>aort/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ is the thick muscle layer of the heart responsible for contraction.

    <p>myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the cardiovascular combining forms with their meanings:

    <p>ven/o = vein arteri/o = artery angi/o = vessel cardi/o = heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by narrowing of a blood vessel?

    <p>Angiostenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up?

    <p>Orthostatic hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cardiomegaly refers to a condition of an enlarged heart.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epicardium is the middle layer of the heart.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'arrhythmia'.

    <p>Irregularity in heartbeat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of veins in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>To return deoxygenated blood to the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term __________ is used for record of the heart's electrical activity.

    <p>electrocardiogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Ischemia = Local deficiency of blood supply Cardiac arrest = Complete stopping of heart activity Palpitations = Pounding, racing heartbeats Cardiomyopathy = Myocardial disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the medical term 'phlebitis' indicate?

    <p>Inflammation of a vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A cardiologist is a specialist who focuses on diseases of the liver.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix '-itis' signify in medical terminology?

    <p>'Inflammation'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT part of the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The epicardium is the inner layer of the heart.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of capillaries in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Gas and nutrient exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Angioplasty refers to the surgical repair of a ______.

    <p>vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their meanings:

    <p>Atheroma = Fatty substance tumor/growth Angiitis = Inflammation of a vessel Thrombosis = Formation of a blood clot Electrocardiogram = Record of the heart's electrical activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heart layer is responsible for contraction?

    <p>Myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the combining form 'ven/o' refer to?

    <p>Vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main function of the cardiovascular system is to circulate blood throughout the body.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by a state of slow heart rate?

    <p>Bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cardiomyopathy refers to a condition affecting the heart muscles.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'ischemia' refer to?

    <p>Local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to circulatory obstruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The condition characterized by severe pain and constriction around the heart is called ______.

    <p>angina pectoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their meanings:

    <p>Phlebitis = Inflammation of a vein Tachycardia = State of fast heart Cardiac arrest = Complete stopping of heart activity Ventricular = Pertaining to the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to a small vein?

    <p>Venule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cardiorrhexis refers to a ruptured heart.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a cardiologist serve?

    <p>A cardiologist is a specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The heart has four main chambers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of capillaries in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Exchange of substances between blood and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The middle layer of the heart responsible for contraction is known as the ______.

    <p>myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following combining forms with their meanings:

    <p>angi/o = vessel coron/o = heart phleb/o = vein sphygm/o = pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms describes the surgical repair of a vessel?

    <p>Angioplasty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The outer layer of the heart is called the endocardium.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'atheroma' refer to?

    <p>A fatty substance tumor or growth within a vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'myocardial' refer to?

    <p>Pertaining to the heart muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bradycardia relates to a state of fast heart rate.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'palpitations' describe?

    <p>Pounding, racing heartbeats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The condition characterized by a complete stopping of heart activity is called ______.

    <p>cardiac arrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>angina pectoris = Severe pain and sensation of constriction around the heart tachycardia = State of fast heart phlebitis = Inflammation of a vein cardiomyopathy = Myocardial disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the sphygmomanometer?

    <p>Measures blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cardiomegaly refers to a condition of a smaller-than-usual heart.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'ischemia' refer to?

    <p>Local and temporary deficiency of blood supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organs are part of the Cardiovascular System? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Cardiovascular System?

    <p>Distribute blood to all areas of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms to their definitions:

    <p>Ischemia = Local and temporary deficiency of blood supply Cardiology = Branch of medicine for cardiovascular disease Arrhythmia = Irregularity in heartbeat Angina Pectoris = Severe pain and sensation of constriction around the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The myocardium is the outer layer of the heart.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ is the muscle layer of the heart.

    <p>myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a blood clot within a blood vessel?

    <p>Thrombus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term hypotension refer to?

    <p>Decrease in blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cardiomyopathy refers to the inflammation of the heart muscle layer.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What instrument is used to measure blood pressure?

    <p>Sphygmomanometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ____ are small veins.

    <p>Venules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Organs of the Cardiovascular System

    • Comprises the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins.

    Functions of the Cardiovascular System

    • Distributes blood throughout the body.
    • Delivers essential substances to cells.
    • Removes metabolic waste from tissues.

    Heart Structure

    • Comprised of three layers:
      • Endocardium: Smooth inner layer lining heart chambers to reduce friction.
      • Myocardium: Thick muscular middle layer responsible for heart contractions.
      • Epicardium: Outer layer forming the visceral layer of the pericardial sac, providing outer protection.

    Cardiovascular Combining Forms

    • angi/o: vessel
    • aort/o: aorta
    • arteri/o: artery
    • ather/o: fatty substance
    • atri/o: atrium
    • cardi/o: heart
    • coron/o: heart
    • hemangi/o: blood vessel
    • phleb/o: vein
    • sphygm/o: pulse
    • thromb/o: clot
    • valv/o / valvul/o: valve
    • vascul/o / vas/o: blood vessel / duct
    • ven/o: vein
    • ventricul/o: ventricle

    Heart Conduction System

    • Utilizes electrical impulses to coordinate heartbeats, detectable through electrocardiograms (ECGs).

    Word Building Examples

    • With "angi/o":
      • -gram: angiogram (record of a vessel)
      • -itis: angiitis (inflammation of a vessel)
      • -plasty: angioplasty (surgical repair of a vessel)
    • With "ather/o":
      • -ectomy: atherectomy (surgical removal of a fatty substance)
      • -oma: atheroma (tumor of fatty substance)
    • With "cardi/o":
      • -ac: cardiac (pertaining to the heart)
      • brady- -ia: bradycardia (slow heart rate)
      • -megaly: cardiomegaly (enlarged heart)
      • -ologist: cardiologist (heart specialist)

    Cardiovascular Vocabulary

    • Cardiology: Medical branch for diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
    • Ischemia: Local and temporary deficiency in blood supply.
    • Palpitations: Pounding or racing heartbeats.
    • Orthostatic hypotension: Sudden blood pressure drop upon standing.
    • Sphygmomanometer: Device for measuring blood pressure.

    Heart Pathology

    • Angina pectoris: Severe chest pain due to reduced blood flow.
    • Arrhythmia: Irregular heartbeat.
    • Cardiac arrest: Complete cessation of heart activity.
    • Cardiomyopathy: Disease affecting heart muscle.
    • Congestive heart failure: Inability of the left ventricle to pump efficiently, leading to fluid build-up.

    Organs of the Cardiovascular System

    • Comprises the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins.

    Functions of the Cardiovascular System

    • Distributes blood throughout the body.
    • Delivers essential substances to cells.
    • Removes metabolic waste from tissues.

    Heart Structure

    • Comprised of three layers:
      • Endocardium: Smooth inner layer lining heart chambers to reduce friction.
      • Myocardium: Thick muscular middle layer responsible for heart contractions.
      • Epicardium: Outer layer forming the visceral layer of the pericardial sac, providing outer protection.

    Cardiovascular Combining Forms

    • angi/o: vessel
    • aort/o: aorta
    • arteri/o: artery
    • ather/o: fatty substance
    • atri/o: atrium
    • cardi/o: heart
    • coron/o: heart
    • hemangi/o: blood vessel
    • phleb/o: vein
    • sphygm/o: pulse
    • thromb/o: clot
    • valv/o / valvul/o: valve
    • vascul/o / vas/o: blood vessel / duct
    • ven/o: vein
    • ventricul/o: ventricle

    Heart Conduction System

    • Utilizes electrical impulses to coordinate heartbeats, detectable through electrocardiograms (ECGs).

    Word Building Examples

    • With "angi/o":
      • -gram: angiogram (record of a vessel)
      • -itis: angiitis (inflammation of a vessel)
      • -plasty: angioplasty (surgical repair of a vessel)
    • With "ather/o":
      • -ectomy: atherectomy (surgical removal of a fatty substance)
      • -oma: atheroma (tumor of fatty substance)
    • With "cardi/o":
      • -ac: cardiac (pertaining to the heart)
      • brady- -ia: bradycardia (slow heart rate)
      • -megaly: cardiomegaly (enlarged heart)
      • -ologist: cardiologist (heart specialist)

    Cardiovascular Vocabulary

    • Cardiology: Medical branch for diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
    • Ischemia: Local and temporary deficiency in blood supply.
    • Palpitations: Pounding or racing heartbeats.
    • Orthostatic hypotension: Sudden blood pressure drop upon standing.
    • Sphygmomanometer: Device for measuring blood pressure.

    Heart Pathology

    • Angina pectoris: Severe chest pain due to reduced blood flow.
    • Arrhythmia: Irregular heartbeat.
    • Cardiac arrest: Complete cessation of heart activity.
    • Cardiomyopathy: Disease affecting heart muscle.
    • Congestive heart failure: Inability of the left ventricle to pump efficiently, leading to fluid build-up.

    Organs of the Cardiovascular System

    • Comprises the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins.

    Functions of the Cardiovascular System

    • Distributes blood throughout the body.
    • Delivers essential substances to cells.
    • Removes metabolic waste from tissues.

    Heart Structure

    • Comprised of three layers:
      • Endocardium: Smooth inner layer lining heart chambers to reduce friction.
      • Myocardium: Thick muscular middle layer responsible for heart contractions.
      • Epicardium: Outer layer forming the visceral layer of the pericardial sac, providing outer protection.

    Cardiovascular Combining Forms

    • angi/o: vessel
    • aort/o: aorta
    • arteri/o: artery
    • ather/o: fatty substance
    • atri/o: atrium
    • cardi/o: heart
    • coron/o: heart
    • hemangi/o: blood vessel
    • phleb/o: vein
    • sphygm/o: pulse
    • thromb/o: clot
    • valv/o / valvul/o: valve
    • vascul/o / vas/o: blood vessel / duct
    • ven/o: vein
    • ventricul/o: ventricle

    Heart Conduction System

    • Utilizes electrical impulses to coordinate heartbeats, detectable through electrocardiograms (ECGs).

    Word Building Examples

    • With "angi/o":
      • -gram: angiogram (record of a vessel)
      • -itis: angiitis (inflammation of a vessel)
      • -plasty: angioplasty (surgical repair of a vessel)
    • With "ather/o":
      • -ectomy: atherectomy (surgical removal of a fatty substance)
      • -oma: atheroma (tumor of fatty substance)
    • With "cardi/o":
      • -ac: cardiac (pertaining to the heart)
      • brady- -ia: bradycardia (slow heart rate)
      • -megaly: cardiomegaly (enlarged heart)
      • -ologist: cardiologist (heart specialist)

    Cardiovascular Vocabulary

    • Cardiology: Medical branch for diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
    • Ischemia: Local and temporary deficiency in blood supply.
    • Palpitations: Pounding or racing heartbeats.
    • Orthostatic hypotension: Sudden blood pressure drop upon standing.
    • Sphygmomanometer: Device for measuring blood pressure.

    Heart Pathology

    • Angina pectoris: Severe chest pain due to reduced blood flow.
    • Arrhythmia: Irregular heartbeat.
    • Cardiac arrest: Complete cessation of heart activity.
    • Cardiomyopathy: Disease affecting heart muscle.
    • Congestive heart failure: Inability of the left ventricle to pump efficiently, leading to fluid build-up.

    Organs of the Cardiovascular System

    • Comprises the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins.

    Functions of the Cardiovascular System

    • Distributes blood throughout the body.
    • Delivers essential substances to cells.
    • Removes metabolic waste from tissues.

    Heart Structure

    • Comprised of three layers:
      • Endocardium: Smooth inner layer lining heart chambers to reduce friction.
      • Myocardium: Thick muscular middle layer responsible for heart contractions.
      • Epicardium: Outer layer forming the visceral layer of the pericardial sac, providing outer protection.

    Cardiovascular Combining Forms

    • angi/o: vessel
    • aort/o: aorta
    • arteri/o: artery
    • ather/o: fatty substance
    • atri/o: atrium
    • cardi/o: heart
    • coron/o: heart
    • hemangi/o: blood vessel
    • phleb/o: vein
    • sphygm/o: pulse
    • thromb/o: clot
    • valv/o / valvul/o: valve
    • vascul/o / vas/o: blood vessel / duct
    • ven/o: vein
    • ventricul/o: ventricle

    Heart Conduction System

    • Utilizes electrical impulses to coordinate heartbeats, detectable through electrocardiograms (ECGs).

    Word Building Examples

    • With "angi/o":
      • -gram: angiogram (record of a vessel)
      • -itis: angiitis (inflammation of a vessel)
      • -plasty: angioplasty (surgical repair of a vessel)
    • With "ather/o":
      • -ectomy: atherectomy (surgical removal of a fatty substance)
      • -oma: atheroma (tumor of fatty substance)
    • With "cardi/o":
      • -ac: cardiac (pertaining to the heart)
      • brady- -ia: bradycardia (slow heart rate)
      • -megaly: cardiomegaly (enlarged heart)
      • -ologist: cardiologist (heart specialist)

    Cardiovascular Vocabulary

    • Cardiology: Medical branch for diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
    • Ischemia: Local and temporary deficiency in blood supply.
    • Palpitations: Pounding or racing heartbeats.
    • Orthostatic hypotension: Sudden blood pressure drop upon standing.
    • Sphygmomanometer: Device for measuring blood pressure.

    Heart Pathology

    • Angina pectoris: Severe chest pain due to reduced blood flow.
    • Arrhythmia: Irregular heartbeat.
    • Cardiac arrest: Complete cessation of heart activity.
    • Cardiomyopathy: Disease affecting heart muscle.
    • Congestive heart failure: Inability of the left ventricle to pump efficiently, leading to fluid build-up.

    Organs of the Cardiovascular System

    • Comprises the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins.

    Functions of the Cardiovascular System

    • Distributes blood throughout the body.
    • Delivers essential substances to cells.
    • Removes metabolic waste from tissues.

    Heart Structure

    • Comprised of three layers:
      • Endocardium: Smooth inner layer lining heart chambers to reduce friction.
      • Myocardium: Thick muscular middle layer responsible for heart contractions.
      • Epicardium: Outer layer forming the visceral layer of the pericardial sac, providing outer protection.

    Cardiovascular Combining Forms

    • angi/o: vessel
    • aort/o: aorta
    • arteri/o: artery
    • ather/o: fatty substance
    • atri/o: atrium
    • cardi/o: heart
    • coron/o: heart
    • hemangi/o: blood vessel
    • phleb/o: vein
    • sphygm/o: pulse
    • thromb/o: clot
    • valv/o / valvul/o: valve
    • vascul/o / vas/o: blood vessel / duct
    • ven/o: vein
    • ventricul/o: ventricle

    Heart Conduction System

    • Utilizes electrical impulses to coordinate heartbeats, detectable through electrocardiograms (ECGs).

    Word Building Examples

    • With "angi/o":
      • -gram: angiogram (record of a vessel)
      • -itis: angiitis (inflammation of a vessel)
      • -plasty: angioplasty (surgical repair of a vessel)
    • With "ather/o":
      • -ectomy: atherectomy (surgical removal of a fatty substance)
      • -oma: atheroma (tumor of fatty substance)
    • With "cardi/o":
      • -ac: cardiac (pertaining to the heart)
      • brady- -ia: bradycardia (slow heart rate)
      • -megaly: cardiomegaly (enlarged heart)
      • -ologist: cardiologist (heart specialist)

    Cardiovascular Vocabulary

    • Cardiology: Medical branch for diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
    • Ischemia: Local and temporary deficiency in blood supply.
    • Palpitations: Pounding or racing heartbeats.
    • Orthostatic hypotension: Sudden blood pressure drop upon standing.
    • Sphygmomanometer: Device for measuring blood pressure.

    Heart Pathology

    • Angina pectoris: Severe chest pain due to reduced blood flow.
    • Arrhythmia: Irregular heartbeat.
    • Cardiac arrest: Complete cessation of heart activity.
    • Cardiomyopathy: Disease affecting heart muscle.
    • Congestive heart failure: Inability of the left ventricle to pump efficiently, leading to fluid build-up.

    Organs of the Cardiovascular System

    • Comprises the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins.

    Functions of the Cardiovascular System

    • Distributes blood throughout the body.
    • Delivers essential substances to cells.
    • Removes metabolic waste from tissues.

    Heart Structure

    • Comprised of three layers:
      • Endocardium: Smooth inner layer lining heart chambers to reduce friction.
      • Myocardium: Thick muscular middle layer responsible for heart contractions.
      • Epicardium: Outer layer forming the visceral layer of the pericardial sac, providing outer protection.

    Cardiovascular Combining Forms

    • angi/o: vessel
    • aort/o: aorta
    • arteri/o: artery
    • ather/o: fatty substance
    • atri/o: atrium
    • cardi/o: heart
    • coron/o: heart
    • hemangi/o: blood vessel
    • phleb/o: vein
    • sphygm/o: pulse
    • thromb/o: clot
    • valv/o / valvul/o: valve
    • vascul/o / vas/o: blood vessel / duct
    • ven/o: vein
    • ventricul/o: ventricle

    Heart Conduction System

    • Utilizes electrical impulses to coordinate heartbeats, detectable through electrocardiograms (ECGs).

    Word Building Examples

    • With "angi/o":
      • -gram: angiogram (record of a vessel)
      • -itis: angiitis (inflammation of a vessel)
      • -plasty: angioplasty (surgical repair of a vessel)
    • With "ather/o":
      • -ectomy: atherectomy (surgical removal of a fatty substance)
      • -oma: atheroma (tumor of fatty substance)
    • With "cardi/o":
      • -ac: cardiac (pertaining to the heart)
      • brady- -ia: bradycardia (slow heart rate)
      • -megaly: cardiomegaly (enlarged heart)
      • -ologist: cardiologist (heart specialist)

    Cardiovascular Vocabulary

    • Cardiology: Medical branch for diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
    • Ischemia: Local and temporary deficiency in blood supply.
    • Palpitations: Pounding or racing heartbeats.
    • Orthostatic hypotension: Sudden blood pressure drop upon standing.
    • Sphygmomanometer: Device for measuring blood pressure.

    Heart Pathology

    • Angina pectoris: Severe chest pain due to reduced blood flow.
    • Arrhythmia: Irregular heartbeat.
    • Cardiac arrest: Complete cessation of heart activity.
    • Cardiomyopathy: Disease affecting heart muscle.
    • Congestive heart failure: Inability of the left ventricle to pump efficiently, leading to fluid build-up.

    Organs of the Cardiovascular System

    • Heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins comprise the main structures.

    Functions of the Cardiovascular (CV) System

    • Distributes blood throughout the body.
    • Delivers essential substances to cells.
    • Removes metabolic wastes.

    Heart Anatomy

    • Comprised of three layers:
      • Endocardium: Innermost layer lining the heart chambers, reducing friction.
      • Myocardium: Thick muscle layer responsible for heart contractions.
      • Epicardium: Outermost layer forming the visceral layer of the pericardial sac; contains fluid that reduces friction.

    Cardiovascular Combining Forms

    • angi/o: vessel
    • aort/o: aorta
    • arteri/o: artery
    • athero/o: fatty substance
    • atri/o: atrium
    • cardi/o: heart
    • coron/o: heart
    • hemangi/o: blood vessel
    • phleb/o: vein
    • sphygm/o: pulse
    • steth/o: chest
    • thromb/o: clot
    • valv/o, valvul/o: valve
    • vascul/o: blood vessel
    • vas/o: vessel, duct
    • ven/o: vein
    • ventricul/o: ventricle

    Word Building - Combining Forms

    • angi/o:

      • -gram: angiogram (record of a vessel)
      • -itis: angiitis (inflammation of a vessel)
      • -plasty: angioplasty (surgical repair of a vessel)
      • -spasm: angiospasm (involuntary muscle contraction in a vessel)
      • -stenosis: angiostenosis (narrowing of a vessel)

    • ather/o & atri/o:

      • -ectomy: atherectomy (surgical removal of fatty substance)
      • -oma: atheroma (tumor of fatty substance)
      • -al: atrial (pertaining to the atrium)

    • cardi/o:

      • -ac: cardiac (pertaining to the heart)
      • brady- -ia: bradycardia (slow heart rate)
      • electr/o -gram: electrocardiogram (record of heart’s electricity)
      • -megaly: cardiomegaly (enlarged heart)
      • my/o -al: myocardial (pertaining to heart muscle)
      • -ologist: cardiologist (heart specialist)
      • -rrhexis: cardiorrhexis (ruptured heart)
      • tachy- -ia: tachycardia (fast heart rate)
    • Cardiology: Branch of medicine for diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases; specialists are cardiologists.
    • Ischemia: Localized deficiency of blood supply.
    • Murmur: Abnormal heart sound.
    • Palpitations: Rapid or pounding heartbeats.
    • Orthostatic Hypotension: Sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing.
    • Sphygmomanometer: Device for measuring blood pressure.

    Heart Pathologies

    • Angina Pectoris: Severe chest pain due to constriction around the heart.
    • Arrhythmia: Irregularities in heartbeat.
    • Cardiac Arrest: Complete stopping of heart activity.
    • Cardiomyopathy: Disease of the heart muscle.
    • Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Weakened left ventricle unable to efficiently pump blood.
    • Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Poor blood supply to the heart muscle due to coronary artery obstruction.
    • Endocarditis: Inflammation of the heart's lining membranes.
    • Myocardial Infarction (MI): Heart attack caused by insufficient oxygen supply to the heart.
    • Myocarditis: Inflammation of the heart muscle layer.
    • Pericarditis: Inflammation of the pericardial sac.
    • Hypertension: High blood pressure.
    • Hypotension: Low blood pressure.
    • Thrombophlebitis: Inflammation of vein with blood clots.
    • Arteriosclerosis: Hardening and loss of elasticity in arterial walls.

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    Related Documents

    Unit 5. Terms related to Cardiovascular System PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers essential terms and functions related to the cardiovascular system. Explore the organs, such as the heart, arteries, and veins, and understand their roles in blood distribution and waste removal. Perfect for students of anesthesia technology and health sciences.

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