31 Questions
Which of the following is a primary function of the cardiovascular system?
Transport of gases, nutrients, wastes, and hormones
Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary veins
What does the descending aorta do?
Carries oxygenated blood to the lower parts of the body
Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body back to the heart?
Inferior vena cava
Which vessel delivers blood to the lower extremities?
Femoral artery
What is the primary function of the heart?
To pump blood through the blood vessels
Where is the human heart located?
In the middle compartment of the chest
What is the name of the muscle that makes up the walls of the heart?
Cardiac muscle
What separates the two sides of the heart?
Septum
What type of blood do the right chambers of the heart contain?
Deoxygenated blood
What is the total duration of one complete cardiac cycle?
0.8 seconds
During which phase do the semi-lunar valves close?
Diastole
What maintains the heart rate at 75 beats per minute?
Specialized cells in the right atrium
How long does atrial systole last?
0.1 seconds
Into which vessels is blood forced during ventricular systole?
Pulmonary artery and aorta
Where does the blood flow after it leaves the right ventricle?
Through the pulmonary artery to the lungs
Which chamber does the blood enter after it picks up oxygen in the lungs?
Left atrium
Through which vessel does the blood return to the right atrium after becoming deoxygenated?
Anterior or posterior vena cava
What happens during the systemic circulation?
The blood gives up oxygen to the body cells and picks up carbon dioxide.
Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary vein
Where does the right atrium collect blood from?
The head and body
Which valve prevents blood from flowing back into the atrium when the ventricle contracts?
Tricuspid valve
What is the primary function of the left ventricle?
Pumping oxygenated blood to the body
What carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary veins
Which structure carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart?
Posterior vena cava
What do the semi-lunar valves prevent?
Backflow of blood into the ventricles
Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the liver to the heart?
Hepatic Vein
Through which vessel does oxygenated blood travel from the heart to the kidneys?
Renal Artery
Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the intestines to the liver?
Hepatic Portal Vein
In which vessel does oxygenated blood travel from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary Vein
What is the correct sequence of blood flow for deoxygenated blood returning from the legs to the heart?
Legs → Renal Vein → Kidneys → Mesenteric Artery → Liver → Posterior Vena Cava → Heart
Study Notes
Cardiovascular System
- Comprises heart, vessels, and blood
- Functions: transport gases, nutrients, wastes, and hormones
The Heart
- Muscular organ that pumps blood through the circulatory system
- Located between the lungs in the middle compartment of the chest
- Composed of cardiac muscle with its own inherent rhythm
- Divided into four chambers: two atria (upper) and two ventricles (lower)
- Septum separates the right and left sides of the heart
- Atria have thin walls and collect blood entering the heart
- Ventricles have thick walls and pump blood out of the heart
Heart Function
- One cardiac cycle (heartbeat) consists of:
- Diastole (0.4 seconds): atria and ventricles relax together
- Atrial systole (0.1 seconds): atria contract, forcing blood into ventricles
- Ventricular systole (0.3 seconds): ventricles contract, pumping blood into pulmonary artery and aorta
- Heart beats on average 75 times per minute
Blood Circulation
- Blood flows through the heart twice:
- Pulmonary circulation: right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium
- Systemic circulation: left ventricle → aorta → body → anterior or posterior vena cava → right atrium
Heart Anatomy
- Right atrium: collects deoxygenated blood from the head and body
- Posterior vena cava: carries deoxygenated blood from the body
- Tricuspid valve: prevents backflow of blood into the atrium
- Right ventricle: pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
- Pulmonary artery: carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
- Aorta: carries oxygenated blood to the body
- Left atrium: collects oxygenated blood from the lungs
- Pulmonary veins: carry oxygenated blood from the lungs
- Semi-lunar valves: prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles
- Bicuspid valve: prevents backflow of blood into the ventricles
- Tendons: prevent valves from turning inside out
Human Circulation
- Deoxygenated blood flow:
- Legs → Renal Vein → Kidneys → Mesenteric Artery → Intestines → Hepatic Portal Vein → Liver → Hepatic Vein → Posterior Vena Cava → Heart
- Oxygenated blood flow:
- Heart → Aorta → Renal Artery → Kidneys → Mesenteric Artery → Intestines → Hepatic Artery → Liver → Posterior Vena Cava → Heart → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs → Pulmonary Vein → Heart → Anterior Vena Cava → Heart → Aorta → Carotid Artery → Head → Jugular Vein → Superior Vena Cava → Heart
Learn about the components and functions of the cardiovascular system, including the heart structure and its role in transporting gases, nutrients, and waste.
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