Cardiovascular System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the major functions of the cardiovascular system?

  • Transportation of hormones (correct)
  • Maintaining body temperature
  • Gas exchange in the lungs
  • Formation of blood cells

    • Which circuit supplies oxygenated blood to all body tissues?

  • Pulmonary circuit
  • Coronary circuit
  • Lymphatic circuit
  • Systemic circuit (correct)

    • What do the pulmonary arteries transport?

  • Nutrients to the organs
  • Hormones from the glands
  • Oxygenated blood to the body
  • Deoxygenated blood to the lungs (correct)

    • Which artery supplies blood to the muscles and organs from the heart?

    <p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the hepatic portal system?

    <p>To carry nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is found in a fetal circulation but not in adult circulation?

    <p>Ductus arteriosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of blood is brought to the left atrium from the lungs?

    <p>Oxygenated blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ventricle has thicker walls?

    <p>Left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organ does the splenic artery primarily supply blood to?

    <p>Spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery branches off from the abdominal aorta to supply the kidneys?

    <p>Renal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The common iliac artery ultimately supplies blood to which part of the body?

    <p>Lower limbs and pelvic organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies blood to the brain, eyes, and orbit?

    <p>Internal carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the basilar artery?

    <p>Provide collateral circulation to the brainstem and cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery continues into the upper arm as the brachial artery?

    <p>Axillary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area does the femoral artery primarily supply blood to?

    <p>Thigh and lower leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is responsible for supplying the medial side of the forearm?

    <p>Ulnar artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the anterior communicating artery?

    <p>Provides collateral circulation between anterior cerebral arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The popliteal artery distributes blood to which area?

    <p>Lower leg and foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vertebral artery ascends through which structure?

    <p>Cervical spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery serves as a major blood supplier to the hand?

    <p>Radial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The internal iliac artery primarily supplies blood to which area?

    <p>Pelvic organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What region does the external carotid artery supply blood to?

    <p>Face and neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason the left ventricle has thicker walls than the right ventricle?

    <p>It pumps blood at a higher pressure to the entire body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

    <p>Arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of capillary walls being very thin?

    <p>To allow for diffusion of gases, nutrients, and wastes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism is NOT involved in helping blood return to the heart through veins?

    <p>High blood pressure from the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the skeletal muscle pump assist in venous return?

    <p>By compressing blood vessels during muscle contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelium lines the blood vessels?

    <p>Simple squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of arteries allows them to withstand high blood pressure?

    <p>Elasticity and thick smooth muscle layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of blood vessel does pressure decrease after passing through?

    <p>Capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of valves found in larger veins?

    <p>To prevent backflow of blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries supplies blood to the right arm?

    <p>Brachiocephalic trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major blood vessel supplies blood to abdominal organs?

    <p>Celiac trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides the primary elasticity in arteries during blood pulsation?

    <p>Connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to red blood cells in capillaries?

    <p>They pass through in single file.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does blood travel from capillaries to the heart?

    <p>Through venules and veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area does the superior vena cava primarily drain blood from?

    <p>Upper body including head and arms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein is formed by the union of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein?

    <p>Brachiocephalic vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the renal vein primarily carry?

    <p>Deoxygenated blood from the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the hepatic portal vein transport blood?

    <p>To the liver for nutrient processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the external iliac vein?

    <p>Drains blood from the lower limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein drains the spleen and parts of the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Splenic vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the popliteal vein?

    <p>Behind the knee in the popliteal fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of blood does the inferior vena cava transport?

    <p>Deoxygenated blood from the lower body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the basilic vein?

    <p>Drains blood from the medial side of the forearm and arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein drains blood from the upper arm and forearm into the axillary vein?

    <p>Brachial vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the special feature of the great saphenous vein?

    <p>It is the longest vein in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein is located anterior to the internal iliac vein?

    <p>External iliac vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein is responsible for draining the face, scalp, and neck?

    <p>External jugular vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key function of the internal iliac vein?

    <p>Drains blood from pelvic organs and gluteal region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessel passes through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae?

    <p>Vertebral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily causes lymph to be transported into the lymph capillaries?

    <p>Hydrostatic pressure from excess tissue fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do valves in peripheral veins primarily serve?

    <p>Ensuring unidirectional blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism does NOT assist lymph in moving back toward the heart?

    <p>Increased atmospheric pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Digestion of food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures does the common hepatic artery supply?

    <p>Gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pulmonary circuit supplies oxygenated blood to body tissues.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does lymph return to the bloodstream on the right side of the body?

    <p>Right lymphatic duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a function of blood in the hepatic portal vein before reaching the liver?

    <p>Releasing growth hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism aids in returning venous blood to the heart during physical activity?

    <p>Muscle pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure in the heart is responsible for preventing backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria?

    <p>The atrioventricular valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes lymphatic vessels from veins?

    <p>Lymphatic vessels have larger lumens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ circuit is involved in delivering oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

    <p>systemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to blood from the placenta immediately after birth?

    <p>It enters the aorta directly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates immune responses at key entry points for pathogens?

    <p>Lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following blood components to their respective functions:

    <p>Red blood cells = Transport oxygen White blood cells = Immune response Platelets = Blood clotting Plasma = Transport nutrients and waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fetal structure allows oxygenated blood to bypass the liver?

    <p>Ductus venosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluid is characterized as plasma without clotting factors?

    <p>Serum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does hemopoiesis mainly occur in adults?

    <p>Red bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in fetal circulation connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta?

    <p>Ductus arteriosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes the hepatic portal system?

    <p>It transports nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the umbilical vein become after birth?

    <p>Ligamentum teres hepatis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of interstitial fluid?

    <p>Proteins like albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following statements about the thoracic duct is accurate?

    <p>It primarily drains the left side of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the foramen ovale is false?

    <p>It connects the right ventricle to the aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a major function of lymphatic vessels?

    <p>Transporting immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries carries deoxygenated blood to the placenta?

    <p>Umbilical artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of blood in the hepatic portal system?

    <p>Gastrointestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ductus arteriosus become after birth?

    <p>Ligamentum arteriosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key functions of lymph nodes?

    <p>Filtering pathogens and debris from lymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of lymphatic vessels is specifically designed to aid in returning lymph to the bloodstream?

    <p>Valves preventing backflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are lacteals located, and what is their function?

    <p>In the villi of the small intestine; absorb lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lymphatic organs is responsible for maturing T lymphocytes?

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymphatic vessel collects lymph from the lower body?

    <p>Cisterna chyli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the spleen play within the lymphatic system?

    <p>Filters blood and removes old red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

    <p>Facilitate gas and nutrient exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymphatic tissue is found in the oral cavity and serves as an early defense against pathogens?

    <p>Tonsils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The right ventricle has thicker walls than the left ventricle.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lymphatic capillaries?

    <p>Collect excess interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'edema' refer to?

    <p>Swelling caused by excess interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three mechanisms that help blood return to the heart through veins?

    <p>Valves, skeletal muscle pump, respiratory pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ are the blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

    <p>veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymphatic structure is responsible for filtering lymph?

    <p>Lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following blood vessels with their respective functions:

    <p>Arteries = Carry blood away from the heart Veins = Return blood to the heart Capillaries = Site of exchange of substances Aorta = Main artery supplying blood to the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the bone marrow within the lymphatic system?

    <p>Produces blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the function of valves in the venous system?

    <p>Prevent backflow of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lymphatic tissue is associated with the gastrointestinal system?

    <p>MALT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary component of lymphatic fluid?

    <p>Interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the interiors of blood vessels?

    <p>Simple squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the right lymphatic duct located?

    <p>Near the right subclavian vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies blood to the pelvic organs and gluteal muscles?

    <p>Internal iliac artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vertebral artery supplies blood to the limbs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the splenic artery?

    <p>To supply blood to the spleen, pancreas, and part of the stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ artery is the major blood supply to the arm.

    <p>brachial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following arteries with their primary function:

    <p>Common iliac artery = Supplies blood to the lower limbs and pelvic organs Basilar artery = Supplies blood to the brainstem and cerebellum Popliteal artery = Supplies blood to the knee joint and lower leg Radial artery = Supplies blood to the lateral side of the forearm and hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery primarily supplies blood to the liver?

    <p>Common hepatic artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The valves in peripheral veins are crucial for allowing blood to flow backwards.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery branches of the common carotid artery and enters the skull?

    <p>Internal carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta.

    <p>umbilical arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The external iliac artery continues into the thighs as the femoral artery.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is formed by the fusion of the two vertebral arteries?

    <p>Basilar artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ allows blood from the umbilical vein to bypass the liver.

    <p>ductus venosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ artery supplies blood to the shoulders and upper limbs.

    <p>subclavian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the fetal structures with their adult equivalents:

    <p>Ductus arteriosus = Ligamentum arteriosum Umbilical vein = Ligamentum teres hepatis Foramen ovale = Fossa ovalis Ductus venosus = Ligamentum venosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main functions of the hepatic portal vein?

    <p>Regulate nutrient absorption and detoxification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fetal circulation allows blood to flow to the lungs in the same way as in adults.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism involves the contraction of skeletal muscles to aid venous blood flow to the heart?

    <p>Muscle Pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein is formed by the union of the left and right common iliac veins?

    <p>Inferior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The renal vein drains deoxygenated blood from the liver.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the splenic vein?

    <p>To drain blood from the spleen and other abdominal organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ vein is the longest vein in the body.

    <p>great saphenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following veins with their functions:

    <p>Brachial vein = Drains blood from the arms into the axillary vein Femoral vein = Drains blood from the thigh and knee Ulnar vein = Drains blood from the medial forearm Radial vein = Drains blood from the lateral forearm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein drains deoxygenated blood from the head, face, and neck?

    <p>Internal jugular vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The axillary vein is a continuation of the subclavian vein.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vein carries blood from the intestines to the liver for nutrient processing?

    <p>Hepatic portal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ vein drains blood from the pelvic organs and joins with the external iliac vein.

    <p>internal iliac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the subclavian vein?

    <p>Drain blood from the upper limb and part of the neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cardiovascular System Functions

    • Four major functions of the cardiovascular system are transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide, heat, hormones, white blood cells, nutrients, and waste products.
    • The pulmonary circuit picks up oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide.
    • The systemic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to body tissues.

    Blood Flow Through Circuits

    • Blood flows from the heart through arteries to arterioles and finally capillaries.
    • In capillaries, gas exchange, nutrient, and waste transfer takes place.
    • Blood from capillaries drains into venules, to veins eventually returning to the heart.

    Arteries and Veins in Microscopic Section

    • Arteries have a smaller diameter and thicker smooth muscle layer.
    • Veins have a larger diameter and thinner smooth muscle.
    • Capillaries are extremely narrow and allow RBCs to pass through in single file.
    • Blood vessels are lined with simple squamous epithelium.

    Major Arteries and Veins

    • Arteries carry blood away from the heart, branching into progressively smaller vessels leading to capillaries.
    • Veins return blood to the heart, merging into progressively larger vessels leading the heart.
    • Blood pressure decreases as blood flows away from the heart, causing the need for aiding mechanisms in venous blood flow.
    • Valves, muscle pump, and respiratory pump aid venous return to the heart.
    • Many arterial and venous names reference the body region or organ they supply/drain.

    Unique Circulations

    • Cerebral arterial circle: Redundant blood supply to the brain, preventing ischemic damage.
    • Hepatic portal system: Circulates blood from GI tract and spleen to the liver for nutrient processing and detoxification.

    Fetal Circulation

    • Fetal circulation bypasses the non-functional lungs through the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus.
    • The umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood to the fetus, and umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood away.
    • Fetal structures like the ductus venosus, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus close after birth.

    Lymphatic System Functions

    • Fluid balance: Returns excess fluid to the bloodstream.
    • Immune defense: Filters pathogens and initiates immune responses.
    • Nutrient absorption: Absorbs fats and fat-soluble vitamins.

    Lymph Formation and Return

    • Lymph is formed by interstitial fluid entering lymph capillaries.
    • Lymph is returned to the circulatory system via the lymphatic ducts (thoracic and right lymphatic duct).
    • Lymph nodes filter lymph, removing pathogens before re-entering the blood.

    Lymph Nodes and Organs

    • Lymph nodes are located along lymphatic vessels.
    • They filter lymph, trapping pathogens and cancer cells.
    • Lymphatic organs like the thymus, spleen, tonsils, and bone marrow are essential for immunity.
    • Bone marrow produces blood cells, including lymphocytes.
    • Structures throughout the body that filter lymph to remove pathogens/debris.

    Edema

    • Edema is swelling due to excess interstitial fluid.

    Lymph Movement

    • Movement is achieved by skeletal muscle contractions, respiratory movements, and one-way valves.

    Lymph Return to Blood

    • The right lymphatic duct returns lymph to the right subclavian vein.
    • The thoracic duct returns lymph to the left subclavian vein.

    Lymphatic Vessels vs. Veins

    • Lymphatic vessels have thinner walls, larger lumens, and more valves.

    Hemopoiesis

    • Hemopoietic sites during development include yolk sac, liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
    • Bone marrow is the primary site in adults.

    Lymphatic Nodules (MALT)

    • Lymphatic nodules (MALT) are abundant in the respiratory, digestive, and urinary tracts for immune surveillance and protection.

    Body Fluids

    • Plasma: Blood's liquid portion with clotting factors.
    • Serum: Plasma without clotting factors.
    • Interstitial fluid: Fluid surrounding cells.
    • Lymph: Lymphatic fluid, carrying immune cells and waste.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the essential functions of the cardiovascular system, including blood flow through the pulmonary and systemic circuits. Learn about the structure of arteries and veins, their differences, and their roles in nutrient and gas exchange. Test your understanding of the major blood vessels in the body.

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