Chapter 20- Vessels and Circulation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which vessels have the greatest pulse and mean arterial pressure?

  • Capillaries
  • Venules
  • Arteries (correct)
  • Veins

    • What is resistance in the context of blood flow?

  • The resistance to flow of a fluid.
  • The degree of friction that blood encounters as it travels through the blood arteries. (correct)
  • The thickness of a liquid.
  • The resistance of blood in blood arteries.

    • Which factors influence resistance in blood flow?

  • Blood pressure, blood volume, and blood velocity.
  • Blood volume, blood flow rate, and blood velocity.
  • Blood flow rate, blood pressure, and blood viscosity.
  • Blood viscosity, vessel length, and vessel radius. (correct)

    • How does blood flow change when the radius of an artery shrinks?

    <p>Blood flow towards the margins increases and total blood flow drops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to total blood flow when resistance increases?

    <p>Total blood flow decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between blood pressure gradient and total blood flow?

    <p>As blood pressure gradient increases, total blood flow is greater.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II?

    <p>ACE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of aldosterone on blood pressure?

    <p>Promotes sodium reabsorption and water retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ADH on blood pressure?

    <p>Promotes water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of angiotensin II on blood pressure?

    <p>Promotes sodium reabsorption and water retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on blood pressure?

    <p>Promotes vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During exercise, what happens to the distribution of blood flow in the body?

    <p>Blood flow to skeletal muscles increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the formula to calculate net filtration pressure (NFP) at the arterial end of a capillary?

    <p>NFP = HPc - OPc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical value for Colloid Osmotic Pressure (OPc) at the arterial end of a capillary?

    <p>25 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical value for Hydrostatic Pressure (HPc) at the venous end of a capillary?

    <p>15 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate net filtration pressure (NFP) at the venous end of a capillary?

    <p>NFP = HPc - OPc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of fluid that has flowed from the blood into the interstitial fluid is typically reabsorbed by the capillary at the venous end?

    <p>85%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the lymphatic system at the capillary bed?

    <p>To collect and return surplus fluid to the circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process causes blood vessels, particularly arterioles and precapillary sphincters, to relax and expand in response to certain signals or stimuli?

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is vasoconstriction?

    <p>The contraction or narrowing of blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is metabolic vasodilation?

    <p>The process by which tissues autoregulate local blood flow based on metabolic needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers a local inflammatory response?

    <p>Tissue damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

    <p>MAP = diastolic pressure + ⅓ systolic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered an adequate mean arterial pressure (MAP) for perfusion?

    <p>70 to 110 mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the principle of continuity, which of the following statements is true about the relationship between total cross-sectional area and velocity of blood flow?

    <p>As the total cross-sectional area increases, the velocity of blood flow decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the consequences of slow blood flow in the capillaries?

    <p>Increased risk of blood clot formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the process of diffusion in capillaries?

    <p>Diffusion allows small molecules and ions to passively move across capillary walls based on their concentration gradients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the process of vesicular transport in capillaries?

    <p>Vesicular transport requires energy input from the cells to move molecules and ions across capillary walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of bulk flow in the context of blood circulation?

    <p>The downward movement of fluids and their dissolved constituents along a pressure gradient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure work together in the capillaries?

    <p>Hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid out of the capillaries, while colloid osmotic pressure pulls fluid back into the capillaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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