Chapter 20- Vessels and Circulation Quiz

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Which vessels have the greatest pulse and mean arterial pressure?

Capillaries

Venules

Arteries (correct)

Veins

What is resistance in the context of blood flow?

The resistance to flow of a fluid.

The degree of friction that blood encounters as it travels through the blood arteries. (correct)

The thickness of a liquid.

The resistance of blood in blood arteries.

Which factors influence resistance in blood flow?

Blood pressure, blood volume, and blood velocity.

Blood volume, blood flow rate, and blood velocity.

Blood flow rate, blood pressure, and blood viscosity.

Blood viscosity, vessel length, and vessel radius. (correct)

How does blood flow change when the radius of an artery shrinks?

Blood flow towards the margins increases and total blood flow drops. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to total blood flow when resistance increases?

Total blood flow decreases. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between blood pressure gradient and total blood flow?

As blood pressure gradient increases, total blood flow is greater. Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II?

ACE Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action of aldosterone on blood pressure?

Promotes sodium reabsorption and water retention Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of ADH on blood pressure?

Promotes water reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action of angiotensin II on blood pressure?

Promotes sodium reabsorption and water retention Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on blood pressure?

Promotes vasodilation Signup and view all the answers

During exercise, what happens to the distribution of blood flow in the body?

Blood flow to skeletal muscles increases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the formula to calculate net filtration pressure (NFP) at the arterial end of a capillary?

NFP = HPc - OPc Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical value for Colloid Osmotic Pressure (OPc) at the arterial end of a capillary?

25 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical value for Hydrostatic Pressure (HPc) at the venous end of a capillary?

15 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate net filtration pressure (NFP) at the venous end of a capillary?

NFP = HPc - OPc Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of fluid that has flowed from the blood into the interstitial fluid is typically reabsorbed by the capillary at the venous end?

85% Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the lymphatic system at the capillary bed?

To collect and return surplus fluid to the circulation Signup and view all the answers

Which process causes blood vessels, particularly arterioles and precapillary sphincters, to relax and expand in response to certain signals or stimuli?

Vasodilation Signup and view all the answers

What is vasoconstriction?

The contraction or narrowing of blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is metabolic vasodilation?

The process by which tissues autoregulate local blood flow based on metabolic needs Signup and view all the answers

What triggers a local inflammatory response?

Tissue damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

MAP = diastolic pressure + ⅓ systolic pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is considered an adequate mean arterial pressure (MAP) for perfusion?

70 to 110 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

According to the principle of continuity, which of the following statements is true about the relationship between total cross-sectional area and velocity of blood flow?

As the total cross-sectional area increases, the velocity of blood flow decreases. Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of slow blood flow in the capillaries?

Increased risk of blood clot formation. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the process of diffusion in capillaries?

Diffusion allows small molecules and ions to passively move across capillary walls based on their concentration gradients. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the process of vesicular transport in capillaries?

Vesicular transport requires energy input from the cells to move molecules and ions across capillary walls. Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of bulk flow in the context of blood circulation?

The downward movement of fluids and their dissolved constituents along a pressure gradient. Signup and view all the answers

How do hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure work together in the capillaries?

Hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid out of the capillaries, while colloid osmotic pressure pulls fluid back into the capillaries. Signup and view all the answers