Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which component is not part of the structure of the cardiovascular system?
Which component is not part of the structure of the cardiovascular system?
What is one of the primary functions of the cardiovascular system during exercise?
What is one of the primary functions of the cardiovascular system during exercise?
Which part of the heart is responsible for initiating the cardiac cycle?
Which part of the heart is responsible for initiating the cardiac cycle?
How does the cardiovascular system respond to exercise in terms of heart rate?
How does the cardiovascular system respond to exercise in terms of heart rate?
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What is cardiac hypertrophy?
What is cardiac hypertrophy?
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Which of the following describes vasodilation?
Which of the following describes vasodilation?
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What condition could lead to sudden cardiac incidents during exercise?
What condition could lead to sudden cardiac incidents during exercise?
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What physiological change occurs in response to regular exercise over time?
What physiological change occurs in response to regular exercise over time?
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Study Notes
Cardiovascular System in Sport and Exercise
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Cardiovascular System Structure:
- Heart: Atria, ventricles, bicuspid valve, tricuspid valve, semi-lunar valves, septum
- Major Blood Vessels: Aorta, vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, coronary arteries
- Blood Vessels: Arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, capillaries
- Blood Composition: Red blood cells, plasma, white blood cells, platelets
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Cardiovascular System Function:
- Oxygen and Nutrient Delivery: Essential for muscle function
- Waste Removal: Removing carbon dioxide and lactate to prevent buildup
- Thermoregulation: Vasoconstriction (narrowing) and vasodilation (widening) of blood vessels regulate body temperature.
- Immune Function: Assists in fighting infection
- Blood Clotting: Crucial for wound healing
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Nervous Control of the Cardiac Cycle:
- Conduction System: Sinoatrial node (SAN), Atrioventricular node (AVN), Bundle of His, Purkinje fibres initiate and coordinate heart contractions
- Nervous System Influence: Sympathetic (speeds up) and parasympathetic (slows down) nervous systems regulate heart rate
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Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise:
- Anticipatory Heart Rate Increase: Body prepares for exercise before it begins.
- Increased Heart Rate: A key response to increased demand for oxygen delivery.
- Increased Cardiac Output: Heart pumps more blood per minute (heart rate * stroke volume)
- Increased Blood Pressure: Blood pressure increases to deliver oxygen to working muscles.
- Redirection of Blood Flow: Blood redirected to muscles and vital organs, reducing blood flow to non-essential areas.
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Cardiovascular Adaptations to Exercise:
- Cardiac Hypertrophy: Heart muscle thickens and strengthens.
- Increased Stroke Volume: More blood pumped per beat, at rest and during exercise.
- Decreased Resting Heart Rate: Heart becomes more efficient.
- Capillarization: Increased capillaries surround skeletal muscles and alveoli ensuring enhanced gas exchange.
- Reduced Resting Blood Pressure: Heart and blood vessels adapted for improved efficiency
- Decreased Heart Rate Recovery Time: Heart recovers faster.
- Increased Blood Volume: More blood available to circulate.
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Additional Factors Affecting the Cardiovascular System:
- Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome (SADS): A sudden, unexplained death, related to heart problems.
- High/Low Blood Pressure: Can impact performance and overall health.
- Hyperthermia/Hypothermia: Extreme temperatures affect cardiovascular function.
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Description
Explore the intricate structure and crucial functions of the cardiovascular system as it relates to sport and exercise. This quiz covers topics such as the heart, major blood vessels, and the body's response to physical activity, including oxygen delivery and waste removal. Test your understanding and knowledge of how the cardiovascular system supports athletic performance.
