Questions and Answers
What is the function of Albumin?
What is the function of Alpha and Beta globulin?
What is the function of Gamma globulin?
What is the function of Fibrinogen?
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What do Plasma gases mainly serve as?
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What do Plasma nutrients include?
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What are Nonprotein nitrogenous substances produced from?
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What is the normal Red Blood Count (RBC)?
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What is the normal Hemoglobin level?
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What is the normal Hematocrit percentage?
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What is the normal White Blood Count (WBC)?
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What is the normal Platelet count?
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Organize the steps of the common pathway of blood clotting in the correct sequence from beginning to end:
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Which cell is in the myeloid cell line?
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Which cells belong to the lymphoid cell line?
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What is one function of blood?
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How many hemostatic mechanisms are there?
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First, ____________ spasm constricts the broken blood vessel, reducing hemorrhage.
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In platelet plug formation, a large mass of platelets ____________ and undergo degranulation.
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____________ finishes the process by clotting the blood and protecting the body from excess blood loss.
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What are the cell fragments that are a component of blood?
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What are anticoagulants used for?
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What is required for clot formation?
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What is Plasmin's role in the body?
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Which cell types are classified as agranulocytes?
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Which cell types are classified as granulocytes?
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What does coagulation include?
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What is the first stage of hemostasis?
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Plasma is composed of about ___________ % water.
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The first stage of hemostasis is ___________, where the damaged blood vessel constricts suddenly.
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Which characteristics belong to a reticulocyte?
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Study Notes
Plasma Components
- Albumin: Maintains osmotic pressure in blood plasma.
- Alpha and Beta Globulin: Transport lipids throughout the body.
- Gamma Globulin: Functions as a type of antibody, providing defense against infections.
- Fibrinogen: Essential for blood clotting; converts to fibrin during the clotting process.
- Plasma Gases: Involved in cellular respiration; include oxygen, carbon dioxide, and others.
- Plasma Nutrients: Include vitamins, lipids, sugars, and amino acids, essential for cellular metabolism.
- Nonprotein Nitrogenous Substances: Waste products from metabolism including amino acids.
Complete Blood Count (CBC) Values
- Red Blood Count (RBC): Approximately 5 million cells per microliter (μL) of blood.
- Hemoglobin: About 16 grams (g) per 100 mL of blood, crucial for oxygen transport.
- Hematocrit: Roughly 46% of total blood volume, indicating the proportion of blood made up of red blood cells.
- White Blood Count (WBC): Approximately 7000 cells per microliter of blood, essential for immune response.
- Platelet Count: Ranges from 250,000 to 400,000 per microliter of blood; vital for clotting.
Blood Clotting Pathway
- Starts with Factor X and involves Factor II, V, Ca²⁺, and PF₃.
- Prothrombin is activated to form thrombin.
- Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin; this process is crucial for clot formation.
Hemostatic Mechanisms
- Three Mechanisms: Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation.
- Vascular Spasm: Constriction of a broken blood vessel to reduce bleeding.
- Platelet Aggregation: Platelets form a large mass and undergo degranulation.
- Coagulation: Finalizes the clotting process, preventing excessive blood loss.
Blood Functions
- Transportation: Carries oxygen, nutrients, and waste products (e.g., urea) throughout the body.
- Protection: Formed elements destroy pathogens; globulins play a role in immune defense.
- Regulation: Bicarbonate buffers acids and bases in the bloodstream.
Blood Cell Classification
- Myeloid Cell Line: Includes myeloblasts, monoblasts, proerythroblasts, neutrophils, and platelets.
- Lymphoid Cell Line: Comprises B lymphocytes and natural killer cells.
- Agranulocytes: Monocytes, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells.
- Granulocytes: Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils.
Clotting Factors and Anticoagulants
- Anticoagulants: Prevent clot formation (e.g., antithrombin, heparin).
- Essential for Clot Formation: Fibrinogen and thrombin.
- Clot Breakdown: Involves plasmin, plasminogen, and streptokinase.
Hemostasis Stages
- Vascular Spasm: Initial reaction to vessel injury; immediate constriction reduces blood loss.
- Platelet Plug Formation: Begins with disruption of prostacyclin and exposure of endothelial collagen.
- Coagulation: Includes intrinsic and extrinsic pathways leading to clot formation.
Plasma Composition
- Composed of about 92% water, essential for solvent properties and transportation.
Blood Volume and Pressure Relationships
- Decreased Volume: As blood volume decreases, blood pressure also decreases.
- Loss of greater than 10% blood volume triggers sympathetic activation, increasing heart rate and constricting blood vessels to maintain pressure.
- Blood loss above 40% leads to severe pressure drops, risking life.
Reticulocyte Characteristics
- Development: Synthesizes hemoglobin and originates from normoblasts; circulates in blood.
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Description
This quiz focuses on key terms and definitions related to the functions of different plasma components in the cardiovascular system. It covers essential proteins such as albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen, highlighting their roles in maintaining health and homeostasis. Test your knowledge and improve your understanding of blood's composition through these flashcards.
