Cardiovascular System: Blood Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of Albumin?

  • Helps with blood clotting
  • Transports lipids
  • Maintains osmotic pressure (correct)
  • A type of antibody for defense

    • What is the function of Alpha and Beta globulin?

  • Maintains osmotic pressure
  • Helps with blood clotting
  • A type of antibody for defense
  • Transports lipids (correct)

    • What is the function of Gamma globulin?

  • Transports lipids
  • Maintains osmotic pressure
  • A type of antibody for defense (correct)
  • Helps with blood clotting

    • What is the function of Fibrinogen?

    <p>Helps with blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Plasma gases mainly serve as?

    <p>Used and produced during cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Plasma nutrients include?

    <p>Vitamins, lipids, sugars, amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Nonprotein nitrogenous substances produced from?

    <p>Metabolism and amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal Red Blood Count (RBC)?

    <p>Approximately 5 million cells per microliter (μL) of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal Hemoglobin level?

    <p>Approximately 16 grams (g)/100 mL of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal Hematocrit percentage?

    <p>Approximately 46% of the total blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal White Blood Count (WBC)?

    <p>Approximately 7000 cells per microliter of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal Platelet count?

    <p>250,000-400,000 per microliter of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Organize the steps of the common pathway of blood clotting in the correct sequence from beginning to end:

    <p>Factor X + Factor II and V, Ca²⁺, and PF₃ = Initiation of Clotting Prothrombin activator activates prothrombin = Activation of Prothrombin Thrombin formed = Formation of Thrombin Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin = Conversion of Fibrinogen Fibrin + Ca²⁺ + Activated Factor XIII = Formation of Fibrin Fibrin polymer formed = Finalization of Clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell is in the myeloid cell line?

    <p>Myeloblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells belong to the lymphoid cell line?

    <p>B lymphocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one function of blood?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hemostatic mechanisms are there?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    First, ____________ spasm constricts the broken blood vessel, reducing hemorrhage.

    <p>vascular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In platelet plug formation, a large mass of platelets ____________ and undergo degranulation.

    <p>aggregate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ____________ finishes the process by clotting the blood and protecting the body from excess blood loss.

    <p>Coagulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cell fragments that are a component of blood?

    <p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are anticoagulants used for?

    <p>Prevent clot formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for clot formation?

    <p>Fibrinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Plasmin's role in the body?

    <p>Breaks down clots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell types are classified as agranulocytes?

    <p>Monocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell types are classified as granulocytes?

    <p>Neutrophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does coagulation include?

    <p>Intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first stage of hemostasis?

    <p>Vascular spasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plasma is composed of about ___________ % water.

    <p>92</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first stage of hemostasis is ___________, where the damaged blood vessel constricts suddenly.

    <p>vascular spasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristics belong to a reticulocyte?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Plasma Components

    • Albumin: Maintains osmotic pressure in blood plasma.
    • Alpha and Beta Globulin: Transport lipids throughout the body.
    • Gamma Globulin: Functions as a type of antibody, providing defense against infections.
    • Fibrinogen: Essential for blood clotting; converts to fibrin during the clotting process.
    • Plasma Gases: Involved in cellular respiration; include oxygen, carbon dioxide, and others.
    • Plasma Nutrients: Include vitamins, lipids, sugars, and amino acids, essential for cellular metabolism.
    • Nonprotein Nitrogenous Substances: Waste products from metabolism including amino acids.

    Complete Blood Count (CBC) Values

    • Red Blood Count (RBC): Approximately 5 million cells per microliter (μL) of blood.
    • Hemoglobin: About 16 grams (g) per 100 mL of blood, crucial for oxygen transport.
    • Hematocrit: Roughly 46% of total blood volume, indicating the proportion of blood made up of red blood cells.
    • White Blood Count (WBC): Approximately 7000 cells per microliter of blood, essential for immune response.
    • Platelet Count: Ranges from 250,000 to 400,000 per microliter of blood; vital for clotting.

    Blood Clotting Pathway

    • Starts with Factor X and involves Factor II, V, Ca²⁺, and PF₃.
    • Prothrombin is activated to form thrombin.
    • Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin; this process is crucial for clot formation.

    Hemostatic Mechanisms

    • Three Mechanisms: Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation.
    • Vascular Spasm: Constriction of a broken blood vessel to reduce bleeding.
    • Platelet Aggregation: Platelets form a large mass and undergo degranulation.
    • Coagulation: Finalizes the clotting process, preventing excessive blood loss.

    Blood Functions

    • Transportation: Carries oxygen, nutrients, and waste products (e.g., urea) throughout the body.
    • Protection: Formed elements destroy pathogens; globulins play a role in immune defense.
    • Regulation: Bicarbonate buffers acids and bases in the bloodstream.

    Blood Cell Classification

    • Myeloid Cell Line: Includes myeloblasts, monoblasts, proerythroblasts, neutrophils, and platelets.
    • Lymphoid Cell Line: Comprises B lymphocytes and natural killer cells.
    • Agranulocytes: Monocytes, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells.
    • Granulocytes: Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils.

    Clotting Factors and Anticoagulants

    • Anticoagulants: Prevent clot formation (e.g., antithrombin, heparin).
    • Essential for Clot Formation: Fibrinogen and thrombin.
    • Clot Breakdown: Involves plasmin, plasminogen, and streptokinase.

    Hemostasis Stages

    • Vascular Spasm: Initial reaction to vessel injury; immediate constriction reduces blood loss.
    • Platelet Plug Formation: Begins with disruption of prostacyclin and exposure of endothelial collagen.
    • Coagulation: Includes intrinsic and extrinsic pathways leading to clot formation.

    Plasma Composition

    • Composed of about 92% water, essential for solvent properties and transportation.

    Blood Volume and Pressure Relationships

    • Decreased Volume: As blood volume decreases, blood pressure also decreases.
    • Loss of greater than 10% blood volume triggers sympathetic activation, increasing heart rate and constricting blood vessels to maintain pressure.
    • Blood loss above 40% leads to severe pressure drops, risking life.

    Reticulocyte Characteristics

    • Development: Synthesizes hemoglobin and originates from normoblasts; circulates in blood.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on key terms and definitions related to the functions of different plasma components in the cardiovascular system. It covers essential proteins such as albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen, highlighting their roles in maintaining health and homeostasis. Test your knowledge and improve your understanding of blood's composition through these flashcards.

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