Cardiovascular Response to Exercise

Study Notes

Acute Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise

Increased Heart Rate (HR): The heart beats faster to deliver more oxygenated blood to working muscles.
Increased Cardiac Output (Q): The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute increases, due to both increased HR and stroke volume.
Increased Blood Flow (Vasodilation): Blood vessels dilate to allow more blood to reach the muscles.
Increased Stroke Volume (SV): The amount of blood ejected by the heart with each beat increases.

Chronic Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise

Increased Stroke Volume (SV): The heart becomes more efficient at pumping blood, resulting in a larger SV.
Decreased Resting Heart Rate: The heart requires fewer beats per minute at rest due to increased efficiency.
Increased Cardiac Output (Q) at Maximal Exercise: The heart can pump more blood per minute during intense physical activity due to adaptations from regular exercise.
Increased Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference (a-vO2): The difference in oxygen content between arterial and venous blood increases, indicating more oxygen is being extracted by working muscles.

Respiratory System Terminology

Ventilation (V): The volume of air breathed in and out per minute.
Tidal Volume (TV): The amount of air inhaled or exhaled in a single breath.
Respiratory Rate (RR): The number of breaths taken per minute.
Total Lung Capacity: The maximum amount of air that can be held in the lungs after a full inspiration.
Vital Capacity: The maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inspiration.
Residual Volume: The amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forceful exhalation.
Inspiration Reserve Capacity: The maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inspiration.
Expiration Reserve Capacity: The maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal expiration.
VO2 max: The maximum rate at which oxygen can be taken in, transported, and used by muscles to produce energy (ATP).

Acute Respiratory Responses to Exercise

Increased Respiratory Rate (RR): Breathing becomes more rapid to supply more oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
Increased Tidal Volume (TV): Larger amounts of air are inhaled and exhaled with each breath.
Increased Ventilation (V): The total amount of air moved in and out of the lungs increases because of both higher RR and TV.

Chronic Respiratory Responses to Exercise

Increased Lung Capacity: The lungs become more efficient in holding and exchanging air.
Decreased Respiratory Rate (RR) at Rest: The body requires fewer breaths per minute at rest due to improved respiratory function.
Increased Ventilation Efficiency: The lungs better utilize the inhaled air to deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.

Blood Pressure

Systolic Blood Pressure: Pressure in the arteries during the heart's contraction phase, the higher value.
Diastolic Blood Pressure: Pressure in the arteries during the heart's relaxation phase, the lower value.

Ypap Model

Factors: The Ypap model identifies factors that influence health behaviors, including:
- Predisposing: Beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and values that make individuals more likely to engage in a behavior.
- Enabling: Factors that facilitate or make it easier to engage in a behavior, such as available resources and skills.
- Reinforcing: Consequences or feedback that either encourage or discourage continued engagement in a behavior.
Personal Demographics: Individual characteristics, including age, gender, race, and socioeconomic status, that form the foundation of the model.

Description

This quiz covers both acute and chronic cardiovascular responses to exercise, detailing how the heart and blood vessels adapt during physical activity. Key concepts include increased heart rate, cardiac output, and stroke volume as well as long-term adaptations after regular exercise. Test your knowledge on how these changes improve physical performance and overall health.