Exercise Physiology

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Questions and Answers

What equation represents the relationship between cardiac output (Q), stroke volume (SV), and heart rate (HR)?

SV = HR * Q

Q = SV * HR (correct)

SV = Q * HR

HR = Q * SV

What does the MAP (mean arterial pressure) equation MAP = (1/3) SBP + (2/3) DBP represent?

The calculation of average arterial pressure during a single cardiac cycle (correct)

The determination of blood pressure based on cardiac output

The estimation of pulse pressure in the arteries

The relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressure

What is the equation for resistance in the context of blood flow?

Resistance = 1/pressure * flow

Resistance = flow/pressure

Resistance = flow - pressure

Resistance = pressure/flow (correct)

What does the equation VD/VT represent in the context of gas exchange efficiency?

The ratio of tidal volume to dead space Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for ejection fraction (EF) as a percentage?

EF = (SV/EDV) * 100 Signup and view all the answers

What does the equation VO2 = Q * (a-vO2diff) (Fick equation) look at?

Oxygen consumption at the muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the conversion factor between liters of oxygen consumed per minute and kilocalories?

1L O2/min = 5 kcals Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for watts in terms of kilogram meters per minute?

Watts = (kg·m/min)/6.12 Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for mechanical efficiency in terms of external work accomplished and energy expended?

Mechanical efficiency (%) = (external work accomplished (watts)/energy expended (VO2)) * 100 Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for net efficiency in terms of work rate and the difference in oxygen consumption?

Net efficiency = (WR * 0.00234)/(VO2,2-VO2,1) * 5 Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in response to heat stress?

Cutaneous vasodilation and sweating Signup and view all the answers

What happens to heart rate in response to heat?

Increases to compensate for decreased stroke volume Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of dehydration?

Impaired performance if fluid is not replaced quickly Signup and view all the answers

What is hyponatremia?

Water intoxication leading to an imbalance in osmolarity Signup and view all the answers

When do women's body temperature slightly increase in comparison to men?

During the menstrual cycle Signup and view all the answers

What factor affects heat production and thermoregulation in children?

Lower muscle mass and higher surface area-to-mass ratio Signup and view all the answers

How does aging affect thermoregulation?

Lower plasma volume and decreased ability to lose heat Signup and view all the answers

What does heat illness include?

Heat cramps, heat syncope, heat exhaustion, and heatstroke Signup and view all the answers

What do cold considerations involve?

Factors such as clothing, heat production, and thermoregulation Signup and view all the answers

What benefit does continuous moderate exercise provide to the immune system?

Enhancement of immune function Signup and view all the answers

How does obesity affect body fat percentage?

Affects body fat percentage Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Exercise Physiology: Cardiovascular Response, Heat Regulation, Hydration, and Cold Considerations

Cardiovascular response to heat stress includes skin and muscle competing for blood flow, leading to cutaneous vasodilation and sweating.
Heat increases heart rate to compensate for decreased stroke volume, but there is a limit to this compensation.
Acclimatization to heat results in adaptive changes such as improved thermoregulation, cardiovascular endurance, and increased plasma volume.
Dehydration, or hypohydration, occurs when an individual loses more than 2% of their body weight, impairing performance if fluid is not replaced quickly.
Hyponatremia, or water intoxication, can occur when an individual consumes more water than needed, leading to an imbalance in osmolarity and muscle cramps.
Men and women have similar responses for thermoregulation, except during the menstrual cycle when women's body temperature slightly increases.
Children have lower muscle mass and higher surface area-to-mass ratio, affecting heat production and thermoregulation.
Aging affects thermoregulation, as older individuals have lower plasma volume and decreased ability to lose heat, making them more susceptible to heat illness.
Heat illness includes heat cramps, heat syncope, heat exhaustion, and heatstroke, each with specific symptoms and treatments.
Cold considerations involve factors such as clothing, heat production, and thermoregulation, with special attention to children, women, and older individuals.
The immune system benefits from continuous moderate exercise, while intense exercise can lead to suppression of immune function, making individuals more vulnerable to infections.
Obesity affects body fat percentage, with white, brown, and beige adipose tissues playing distinct roles in energy storage and heat production.

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Description

Test your knowledge of exercise physiology with this quiz covering cardiovascular responses to heat stress, hydration and dehydration, thermoregulation in different populations, heat illness, cold considerations, and the impact of exercise on the immune system and obesity.