Module 2 Questions Part 2
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Questions and Answers

What does the mean arterial pressure (MAP) calculation account for?

  • Diastole lasting longer than systole (correct)
  • The average of systolic and diastolic pressures
  • Systolic pressure duration only
  • Total blood volume
  • Blood viscosity and resistance

    • What is the formula to calculate MAP using heart rate, stroke volume, and resistance?

  • MAP = CO × PR
  • MAP = SV × HR
  • MAP = HR × SV × PR (correct)
  • MAP = CO ÷ PR
  • MAP = HR + SV

    • According to Poiseuille's Law, what happens to blood flow when resistance increases?

  • Flow increases
  • Flow becomes turbulent
  • Flow oscillates
  • Flow remains constant
  • Flow decreases (correct)

    • What contributes most to blood viscosity?

    <p>Hematocrit levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the critical closing pressure of a blood vessel?

    <p>The pressure at which a blood vessel collapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Laplace's Law states that the force on a vessel wall is proportional to what?

    <p>Blood pressure and vessel diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is vascular compliance?

    <p>Tendency of blood vessel volume to increase as blood pressure increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vessel type experiences the greatest drop in pressure?

    <p>Arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cross-sectional area affect blood velocity?

    <p>Blood velocity decreases as cross-sectional area increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ensures unidirectional venous blood flow?

    <p>Venous valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism drives venous return during inhalation?

    <p>Decreased thoracic pressure and increased abdominal pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to venous return when venous tone increases?

    <p>It increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cardiovascular center is located in the medulla oblongata?

    <p>Cardiovascular center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of baroreceptors in blood pressure regulation?

    <p>Change peripheral resistance in response to pressure changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are chemoreceptors located?

    <p>Aorta and carotid arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of atrial natriuretic hormone?

    <p>Increased atrial blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II?

    <p>Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does aldosterone have on the kidneys?

    <p>Increases sodium reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes hypovolemic shock?

    <p>Severe blood loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes cardiogenic shock?

    <p>Damage to heart muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does nitric oxide play in blood flow?

    <p>Acts as a vasodilator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines vascular shock?

    <p>Severe drop in peripheral resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do eicosanoids regulate blood flow?

    <p>Act as vasodilators and inhibit clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes blood pooling in veins when standing?

    <p>Hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the sympathetic nervous system affect blood flow?

    <p>Increases vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the myogenic response regulate?

    <p>Blood flow within a blood vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of vasopressin (ADH)?

    <p>Increase water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes blood vessel constriction in response to increased pressure?

    <p>Myogenic response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to blood flow during exercise?

    <p>Blood flow increases as vessel diameter increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released in response to stress or a sudden drop in blood pressure?

    <p>Epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an aneurysm form according to Laplace's Law?

    <p>High pressure and large vessel diameter increase wall stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chemoreceptors during hypercapnia?

    <p>Stimulate breathing rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary determinant of blood viscosity?

    <p>Hematocrit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to venous return when a person transitions from lying down to standing up?

    <p>Venous return decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the skeletal muscle pump do during exercise?

    <p>Compresses veins to increase venous return</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAA)?

    <p>Increase blood pressure by promoting sodium reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does vasodilation have on peripheral resistance?

    <p>Decreases resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor increases during hypovolemic shock?

    <p>Peripheral resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the release of renin from the kidneys?

    <p>Decreased blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the cardiovascular center regulate?

    <p>Peripheral resistance, heart rate, and stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

    • MAP accounts for the average of systolic and diastolic pressures, specifically considering diastole lasting longer than systole.
    • Formula for calculating MAP using heart rate, stroke volume, and resistance: MAP = HR × SV × PR

    Poiseuille's Law & Blood Flow

    • Blood flow decreases when resistance increases.

    Blood Viscosity

    • Hematocrit levels are the primary contributing factor to blood viscosity.

    Critical Closing Pressure

    • Critical closing pressure is the pressure at which a blood vessel collapses.

    Laplace's Law

    • The force on a vessel wall is proportional to blood pressure and vessel diameter.

    Vascular Compliance

    • Vascular compliance refers to the tendency of blood vessel volume to increase as blood pressure increases.

    Blood Velocity & Cross-Sectional Area

    • Blood velocity decreases as cross-sectional area increases.

    Venous Blood Flow

    • Venous valves ensure unidirectional blood flow.

    Venous Return During Inhalation

    • Decreased thoracic pressure and increased abdominal pressure drive venous return during inhalation.

    Venous Tone & Return

    • Venous return increases when venous tone increases.

    Cardiovascular Center

    • The cardiovascular center is located in the medulla oblongata.

    Baroreceptors & Blood Pressure Regulation

    • Baroreceptors change peripheral resistance in response to pressure changes.

    Chemoreceptors Location

    • Chemoreceptors are located in the aorta and carotid arteries.

    Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH) Release

    • Increased atrial blood pressure triggers the release of ANH.

    Angiotensin Conversion

    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II.

    Aldosterone & Kidneys

    • Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.

    Hypovolemic Shock

    • Hypovolemic shock is caused by severe blood loss.

    Cardiogenic Shock

    • Cardiogenic shock is caused by damage to heart muscle.

    Nitric Oxide & Blood Flow

    • Nitric oxide acts as a vasodilator.

    Vascular Shock

    • Vascular shock is defined by a severe drop in peripheral resistance.

    Eicosanoids & Blood Flow

    • Eicosanoids act as vasodilators and inhibit clotting

    Blood Pooling in Standing Position

    • Blood pooling in veins when standing is due to hydrostatic pressure.

    Sympathetic Nervous System & Blood Flow

    • The sympathetic nervous system increases vasoconstriction.

    Myogenic Response & Blood Flow

    • The myogenic response regulates blood flow within a blood vessel.

    Vasopressin (ADH) Function

    • Vasopressin (ADH) increases water reabsorption.

    Blood Vessel Constriction

    • Myogenic response causes blood vessel constriction in response to increased pressure.

    Blood Flow During Exercise

    • Blood flow increases as vessel diameter increases during exercise.

    Hormone Release in Response to Stress

    • Epinephrine is released in response to stress or a sudden drop in blood pressure.

    Aneurysm Formation

    • High pressure and large vessel diameter increase the wall stress of an aneurysm.

    Chemoreceptors During Hypercapnia

    • Chemoreceptors stimulate breathing rate during hypercapnia.

    Primary Determinant of Blood Viscosity

    • Hematocrit is the primary determinant of blood viscosity.

    Venous Return Transition

    • Venous return decreases when a person transitions from lying down to standing up.

    Skeletal Muscle Pump During Exercise

    • The skeletal muscle pump compresses veins to increase venous return during exercise.

    Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAA)

    • The RAA system increases blood pressure by promoting sodium reabsorption.

    Vasodilation & Peripheral Resistance

    • Vasodilation decreases peripheral resistance.

    Hypovolemic Shock Factors

    • Peripheral resistance increases during hypovolemic shock.

    Renin Release Initiation

    • Decreased blood pressure initiates renin release from the kidneys.

    Cardiovascular Center Regulation

    • The cardiovascular center regulates peripheral resistance, heart rate, and stroke volume.

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    Module 2 Questions Part 2 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on cardiovascular physiology, focusing on concepts like Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), blood viscosity, Poiseuille's Law, and vascular compliance. This quiz examines the principles that govern blood flow and vessel dynamics in the circulatory system.

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