Cardiovascular Physiology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Match the following terms with their related events in cardiovascular physiology:

Intrinsic conduction system = Does not connect to every cardiac myocyte Action potentials in cardiac pacemaker tissues = Unstable RMP (Na leakage channels), Plateau phase (Ca in K out), Slow Ca channels ECG phases = P wave, QRS complex, T wave SA no longer fires = No atrial depolarisation, Bradycardia

Match the following ECG events with their explanations:

P wave = A phase in ECG QRS complex = Another phase in ECG T wave = Final phase in ECG SA node not firing = Results in no atrial depolarisation and Bradycardia

Match the following abnormalities with their effects on ECG:

Second pacemaker in atrial tissue from ectopic tissue = Results in multiple P waves Second pacemaker in ventricles from ectopic tissue = Ventricular waves take over, leads to Ventricular tachycardia SA node not firing = No atrial depolarisation and Bradycardia Unstable RMP in cardiac pacemaker tissues = Due to Na leakage channels

Match the following phases of the cardiac cycle with the corresponding condition of the valves:

Passive ventricular filling = AV valves open, Semilunar valves closed Atrial contraction = AV valves open, Semilunar valves closed Isovolumetric ventricular contraction = AV valves closed, Semilunar valves closed Ventricular ejection = AV valves closed, Semilunar valves open Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their impact on stroke volume:

End diastolic volume increases = Stroke volume increases End systolic volume increases = Stroke volume decreases Preload increases = Stroke volume increases Afterload increases = Stroke volume decreases Signup and view all the answers

Match the following physiological changes with their impact on overall blood pressure:

Stroke volume decreases, TPR increases = Overall blood pressure increases Pulse pressure decreases = Overall blood pressure decreases Diastolic pressure rises = Overall blood pressure increases Mean arterial pressure rises = Overall blood pressure increases Signup and view all the answers

Match the pressure conditions in different parts of the heart during Isovolumetric ventricular contraction:

Pulmonary vein pressure = Lower than atria Atria pressure = Lower than ventricle Ventricular pressure = Rising, higher than atria, lower than aorta Aorta pressure = High but decreasing Signup and view all the answers

Match the following body responses to their corresponding detected conditions:

Increased output from cardio inhibitory centre – decrease heart rate = Receptors on the aortic arch detect a marked increase in blood pressure Decreased output from cardio inhibitory centre – increase HR = Receptors on the carotid bodies detect a marked decrease in blood pressure Increase cardiac output = Body's response to increase overall blood flow into all arteries when mean aortic pressure is 100mmHg Vasoconstriction in renal arteries/arterioles = Body's response to decrease blood flow to the kidneys when mean aortic pressure is 100mmHg Signup and view all the answers

Match the following relative blood flows to their corresponding artery pressures:

Flow is into all arteries, but highest into hepatic artery, followed by renal artery and subclavian = Mean aortic pressure is 100mmHg, mean renal artery pressure is 80mmHg, mean hepatic artery pressure is 70mmHg, mean subclavian artery pressure is 90mm Hg Highest into subclavian, no flow into hepatic = Mean aortic pressure is 90mmHg, mean renal artery pressure is 80mmHg, mean hepatic artery pressure is 90mmHg, mean subclavian artery pressure is 60mm Hg Vasodilation in hepatic arteries/arterioles = Body's response to increase blood flow to the liver when mean aortic pressure is 100mmHg Signup and view all the answers

Match the following effects to their corresponding body responses:

Vasoconstriction = Decrease output from vasomotor centre Vasodilation = Increase output from vasomotor centre Increased HR = Decreased output from cardio inhibitory centre Decreased HR = Increased output from cardio inhibitory centre Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors are responsible for detecting a marked increase in blood pressure?

Receptors on the aortic arch Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased output from the cardio inhibitory center?

Decrease heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of decreased output from the vasomotor center?

Vasodilation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the pressures in the left ventricle during passive ventricular filling?

The pressure is lower than the atria Signup and view all the answers

What happens to stroke volume if end diastolic volume increases?

Increases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the main difference between innervation of skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle?

Cardiac muscle fibers are innervated by the intrinsic conduction system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly compares action potentials in cardiac pacemaker tissues and cardiac muscle?

Cardiac pacemaker tissues have sodium leakage channels, while cardiac muscle has potassium leakage channels Signup and view all the answers

During an ECG recorded on Lead II, which of the following correctly explains the events occurring during the P wave?

Atrial depolarization Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

ECG Events and Explanations

P wave represents atrial depolarization
Corresponds to the contraction of the atria

Abnormalities and ECG Effects

Abnormalities affect the ECG waveform, amplitude, and duration

Cardiac Cycle and Valve Conditions

Isovolumetric contraction: mitral and tricuspid valves are closed, aortic and pulmonary valves are open
Isovolumetric relaxation: mitral and tricuspid valves are open, aortic and pulmonary valves are closed
Ejection: mitral and tricuspid valves are closed, aortic and pulmonary valves are open
Rapid ventricular filling: mitral and tricuspid valves are open, aortic and pulmonary valves are closed

Conditions and Stroke Volume Impact

Increased end-diastolic volume: increases stroke volume
Decreased end-diastolic volume: decreases stroke volume
Increased contractility: increases stroke volume
Decreased contractility: decreases stroke volume

Physiological Changes and Blood Pressure Impact

Increased cardiac output: increases blood pressure
Decreased cardiac output: decreases blood pressure
Increased peripheral resistance: increases blood pressure
Decreased peripheral resistance: decreases blood pressure

Isovolumetric Ventricular Contraction Pressures

Ventricular pressure increases
Atrial pressure decreases

Body Responses and Detected Conditions

Increased blood pressure: detected by baroreceptors
Decreased blood pressure: detected by baroreceptors and chemoreceptors
Increased CO2: detected by chemoreceptors

Relative Blood Flows and Artery Pressures

Higher blood pressure in aorta than in pulmonary artery
Higher blood pressure in arteries than in veins

Effects and Body Responses

Increased sympathetic output: increases heart rate and contractility
Decreased parasympathetic output: increases heart rate
Increased output from the cardioinhibitory center: decreases heart rate

Receptors and Blood Pressure Detection

Baroreceptors detect changes in blood pressure

Cardiac Regulation

Increased output from the cardioinhibitory center: decreases heart rate
Decreased output from the vasomotor center: decreases peripheral resistance

Passive Ventricular Filling

Left ventricular pressure is lowest during passive ventricular filling

Stroke Volume and End-Diastolic Volume

Increased end-diastolic volume: increases stroke volume

Innervation of Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle

Skeletal muscle: voluntary contraction, single motor unit
Cardiac muscle: autonomic regulation, multiple motor units

Action Potentials in Cardiac Tissues

Pacemaker tissues: spontaneous depolarization, slower rate
Cardiac muscle: rapid depolarization, faster rate

ECG Lead II and P Wave

P wave on Lead II ECG: represents atrial depolarization, corresponds to the contraction of the atria

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Description

Test your knowledge of cardiovascular physiology with this quiz. Learn about the unique features of cardiac muscle and its intrinsic conduction system. Explore the reasons why every cardiac myocyte does not need to be directly connected.