Cardiac Physiology Quiz: Test Your Knowledge of Cardiovascular Systems

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Questions and Answers

What is the most important factor controlling flow?

The most important factor controlling flow is arterial blood pressure.

What determines which organs get blood?

Arteriole dilation/constriction determines which organs get blood.

How does sympathetic stimulation affect cardiac function?

Sympathetic stimulation increases cardiac contraction and heart rate.

Describe the cells type in the heart.

The cells in the heart are cardiac muscle cells. Signup and view all the answers

Draw and explain the features of a normal ECG trace.

A normal ECG trace consists of a P wave, QRS complex, and T wave. The P wave represents atrial depolarization, the QRS complex represents ventricular depolarization, and the T wave represents ventricular repolarization. Signup and view all the answers

Describe cardiac output.

Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute. It is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR) by the stroke volume (SV), as given by the equation: $Cardiac Output = HR \times SV$. Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of signal spread in the heart?

SA node - AV node - AV bundle (bundle of His) - Bundle branches - Endocardial network (Purkinje fibers) Signup and view all the answers

What are the regions of the heart depolarizing/repolarizing during the P wave, QRS complex, ST segment, and T wave?

P wave: Depolarization of the atria, QRS complex: Ventricular depolarization, ST segment: Ventricles depolarized, T wave: Ventricles repolarizing Signup and view all the answers

What is cardiac output and how is it calculated?

Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped out of the ventricle in 1 beat. It is calculated by multiplying stroke volume by heart rate: Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the Frank-Starling Law of the Heart?

The Frank-Starling Law of the Heart states that the more blood in the heart, the more stretch there is, leading to a stronger contraction and more blood ejected Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a feature of cardiac muscle cells?

T-tubules (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cardiac conducting system?

To generate electrical signals (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of calcium in cardiac contractile muscle action?

It contracts the heart chambers (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily determines which organs receive blood flow?

Arteriole dilation/constriction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of sympathetic stimulation on cardiac function?

Increase in cardiac contraction and heart rate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What controls overall arterial blood pressure?

Baroreceptors (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct equation for calculating cardiac output?

Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of blood pressure?

Blood pressure is the force blood applies to blood vessels (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which blood pressure is higher, systolic or diastolic?

Systolic pressure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure?

Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure, while mean arterial pressure is the average pressure in the arteries during one cardiac cycle (D) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Cardiac Function and Regulation

The most important factor controlling blood flow is resistance in the blood vessels.

Blood Distribution

The body's needs and priorities determine which organs receive blood flow.

Sympathetic Stimulation

Sympathetic stimulation increases cardiac function by increasing heart rate and contractility.

Cardiac Cells

The heart contains three types of cells: atrial cells, ventricular cells, and purkinje fibers.

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

A normal ECG trace features a P wave, QRS complex, ST segment, and T wave, representing atrial depolarization, ventricular depolarization, ventricular repolarization, and atrial repolarization, respectively.

Cardiac Output

Cardiac output is the heart's ability to pump blood, calculated by multiplying heart rate and stroke volume (CO = HR x SV).

Signal Spread in the Heart

The sequence of signal spread in the heart is: SA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, purkinje fibers, and ventricular cells.

ECG Waves and Heart Activity

During the P wave, the atria depolarize; during the QRS complex, the ventricles depolarize; during the ST segment, the ventricles repolarize; and during the T wave, the atria repolarize.

Frank-Starling Law of the Heart

The Frank-Starling Law states that an increase in ventricular volume increases cardiac output.

Cardiac Muscle Cells

Cardiac muscle cells are unique in being autorhythmic, having a high concentration of mitochondria, and being interconnected by intercalated discs.

Cardiac Conducting System

The main function of the cardiac conducting system is to generate and propagate electrical signals throughout the heart.

Calcium in Cardiac Contractility

Calcium ions play a crucial role in cardiac contractility, allowing muscle contraction.

Blood Pressure Regulation

Peripheral resistance, cardiac output, and blood volume are the three primary factors controlling overall arterial blood pressure.

Blood Pressure Parameters

Blood pressure is defined as the force exerted by blood on blood vessel walls; systolic pressure is higher than diastolic pressure; pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure; and mean arterial pressure is the average pressure throughout the cardiac cycle.