Cardiovascular Pharmacology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which enzyme can react with nitrate to get converted into nitric oxide (NO)?

  • Nitrate reductase
  • Cytochrome oxidase (correct)
  • Nitric oxide synthase
  • Xanthine oxidase (correct)

    • What is the outcome of the conversion of nitric oxide (NO) in the body?

  • Decreased blood flow
  • Relaxation of smooth muscle (correct)
  • Formation of excessive cGMP
  • Increased platelet aggregation

    • What role does cGMP play in the cardiovascular system?

  • It relaxes smooth muscle (correct)
  • It promotes platelet aggregation
  • It inhibits the relaxation of blood vessels
  • It converts nitrate to nitric oxide

    • At high doses, what effect does nitric oxide (NO) have on platelet aggregation?

    <p>It inhibits platelet aggregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what form is nitric oxide (NO) converted in the body?

    <p>cGMP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of endothelin receptor antagonists?

    <p>To treat pulmonary hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class of medications do -sartans belong to, and what is their main action?

    <p>AT1 receptor antagonists; they decrease plasma volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of aliskiren?

    <p>It inhibits renin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is classified as a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor?

    <p>Acetazolamide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does amlodipine affect the cardiovascular system?

    <p>It decreases rate and force of contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of alirocumab in the treatment of hyperlipidemia?

    <p>It is a PCSK9 inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an increased vascular radius primarily result in?

    <p>Decreased blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do statins primarily serve in cardiovascular health?

    <p>They affect LDL cholesterol levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes amiloride?

    <p>It is a potassium-sparing diuretic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method through which pril medications primarily work?

    <p>Inhibiting angiotensin II and aldosterone generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is angiotensin I converted to?

    <p>Angiotensin II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor does angiotensin II predominantly act on to induce vasoconstriction?

    <p>AT1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does angiotensin II have on the adrenal gland?

    <p>It stimulates aldosterone release.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when aldosterone acts on its receptors?

    <p>It promotes sodium and water reabsorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At high doses, dopamine primarily acts on which receptors to induce vasoconstriction?

    <p>Alpha and beta receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does dopamine function at low doses?

    <p>Induces cAMP release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of high potency nitrates at low doses?

    <p>They are bioactivated by aldehyde dehydrogenase in mitochondria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does angiotensin II have on blood pressure?

    <p>It raises blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the stimulation of MR receptors by aldosterone promote?

    <p>Sodium reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect is NOT associated with angiotensin II?

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for high potency nitrates at low doses?

    <p>Bioactivation by aldehyde dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At moderate doses of dopamine, which receptor is primarily affected to increase cardiac contractility?

    <p>Beta 1 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does NO get converted into that helps in relaxing smooth muscle?

    <p>cGMP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to high potency nitrates at high doses?

    <p>They are bioactivated by cytochrome P450</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following enzymes are involved in the conversion of nitrates to NO?

    <p>Aldehyde dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cGMP in the vascular system?

    <p>Relaxation of smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the mitochondria play in the bioactivation of nitrates?

    <p>Environment for aldehyde dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the outcomes of nitric oxide in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Prevention of platelet aggregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of drug is Atenolol classified as?

    <p>Cardioselective beta blocker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process converts nitrates into their active form in the body?

    <p>Bioactivation through enzymatic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of bempedoic acid in the body?

    <p>It inhibits ATP citrate lyase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do beta blockers have on contraction?

    <p>They decrease the rate and force of contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do bile acid binding resins affect LDL uptake?

    <p>They increase LDL uptake due to complex formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is carbonic anhydrase type II primarily located?

    <p>In the cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors prevent?

    <p>Formation of H2CO3.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action regarding beta blockers for patients with myocardial conduction defects?

    <p>They should be avoided.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to LDL levels when bile acid binding resins are used?

    <p>LDL levels decrease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of carbonic anhydrase is specifically mentioned as being present in the luminal brush border?

    <p>Type IV.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of bumetanide usage as a loop diuretic?

    <p>Increased excretion of sodium and chloride.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have on CO2 levels?

    <p>They increase CO2 levels in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does carvedilol have on patients with decompensated heart failure?

    <p>It is contraindicated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is classified as a bile acid binding resin?

    <p>Cholestyramine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism does clonidine utilize to treat hypertension?

    <p>Decreases heart rate and relaxes blood vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common drug interaction for gemfibrozil?

    <p>Increases the risk of myopathy with statins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does empagliflozin function as an SGLT2 inhibitor?

    <p>It increases glucose excretion in urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug acts as a loop diuretic?

    <p>Furosemide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is designed to inhibit cholesterol absorption?

    <p>Ezetimibe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do bile acid binding resins play in cholesterol management?

    <p>They bind bile acids and reduce reabsorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of guanadrel?

    <p>It acts as a norepinephrine (NE) replacement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about furosemide is true?

    <p>It is a loop diuretic that increases urine output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for diltiazem?

    <p>It is a calcium channel blocker that relaxes blood vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a direct vasodilator?

    <p>Clevidipine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary action of fenofibrate?

    <p>It promotes the breakdown of triglycerides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signup and view all the answers

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