Cardiovascular Medications Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which drug listed is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker?

  • diltiazem
  • amlodipine (correct)
  • hydrochlorothiazide
  • verapamil

What are common indications for lisinopril?

  • Hypertension, heart failure, and coronary artery disease (correct)
  • Hyperlipidemia and pneumonia
  • Heart failure and asthma
  • Hypertension and chronic kidney disease

Which of the following is a brand name for valsartan?

  • Prinivil
  • Lotensin
  • Avapro
  • Diovan (correct)

Which of the following medications is specifically indicated for hypertensive crises?

<p>nicardipine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pharmacologic category of ramipril?

<p>ACE inhibitor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which combination drug includes an ACE inhibitor and a calcium channel blocker?

<p>Lotrel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an ARNI medication?

<p>Entresto (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is prescribed for volume overload?

<p>metolazone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is indicated for the treatment of opioid use disorder?

<p>Buprenorphine and naloxone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary pharmacologic category of methotrexate?

<p>Antimetabolite (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is indicated for obesity management?

<p>Phentermine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of medication is acetaminophen classified as?

<p>Non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication combination is commonly prescribed for pain relief?

<p>Hydrocodone and acetaminophen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for the use of cyanocobalamin?

<p>Vitamin B12 deficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which opioid is available in both immediate and extended-release formulations?

<p>Oxycodone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of naloxone in opioid treatment?

<p>Opioid antagonist (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is an aromatase inhibitor?

<p>Anastrozole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Iron supplements are primarily used to treat which condition?

<p>Iron deficiency anemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of hydrogen peroxide in a medical context?

<p>Antiseptic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is associated with managing severe chronic pain?

<p>Methadone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication can manifest as macrocytic anemia if deficient?

<p>Folic acid (A), Vitamin B12 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

  • Commonly used to treat high blood pressure (HTN), heart failure (HF), and coronary artery disease (CAD)
  • Examples: benazepril, enalapril, lisinopril, quinapril, ramipril

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)

  • Often prescribed for HTN, HF, and CAD
  • Examples: irbesartan, losartan, olmesartan, valsartan

ARB and neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI)

  • Used for the management of heart failure
  • Example: valsartan and sacubitril (Entresto)

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (CCBs)

  • Commonly used for HTN and CAD
  • Examples: amlodipine, nifedipine, nicardipine

Non-dihydropyridine CCBs

  • Prescribed for atrial fibrillation (AF) rate control, HTN, and CAD
  • Example: diltiazem, verapamil

Thiazide diuretics

  • Primarily used to treat HTN
  • Examples: hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone
  • Used for volume overload
  • Example: metolazone

Fixed-dose combination medications

  • Combine multiple medications in single dosage forms
  • Offer convenience and improved adherence
  • Examples: Lotrel, Prinzide, Hyzaar, Benicar-HCT, Dyazide, Maxzide, Diovan-HCT

Opioid analgesics

  • Used for severe pain
  • Examples: fentanyl, hydromorphone, morphine, oxycodone, methadone

Analgesic (Non-opioid), Antipyretic

  • Used for pain and fever
  • Example: acetaminophen

Central analgesic; partial opioid agonist

  • Used for pain
  • Example: tramadol

Opioid and nonopioid analgesic combination

  • Used for pain
  • Examples: Lortab, Vicodin, Norco, Percocet, Endocet, Roxicet, Tylenol with Codeine #3, Tylenol with Codeine #4

Opioid antagonist

  • Used for opioid overdose
  • Example: naloxone (Narcan)

Partial opioid agonist and opioid antagonist

  • Used for opioid use disorder
  • Example: buprenorphine and naloxone (Suboxone)

Antimetabolite (folic acid antagonist)

  • Used for rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, psoriasis, and various hematologic and solid tumors
  • Example: methotrexate

Aromatase inhibitor

  • Used for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer
  • Example: anastrozole

CNS stimulant

  • Used for obesity
  • Example: phentermine

Iron Supplement

  • Used for iron deficiency anemia
  • Example: ferrous sulfate

Vitamin B12

  • Used for vitamin B12 deficiency, which manifests as macrocytic anemia
  • Example: cyanocobalamin

Folic acid

  • Used for folic acid deficiency (macrocytic anemia) and prevention of neural tube defects in pregnancy
  • Example: folic acid

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Description

This quiz covers various types of cardiovascular medications, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics. Learn about their uses, examples, and mechanisms in treating conditions like high blood pressure, heart failure, and coronary artery disease. Test your knowledge of these essential medications.

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