Medication Contraindications and Dosage Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary action of Acetaminophen (APAP)?

Increases pain threshold and inhibits platelet function

Inhibits cyclooxygenase and reduces inflammation

Has no effect on pain threshold or fever

Acts on the hypothalamus to reduce fever (correct)

Which medication is classified as an analgesic and antipyretic?

Diazepam (Valium)

Acetaminophen (APAP) (correct)

Fentanyl (Sublimaze)

Epinephrine (Adrenalin)

What is the effect of Acetaminophen (APAP) on platelets?

Inhibits platelet function

Increases platelet function

Has no effect on platelets (correct)

Depletes platelet count

Which medication has no anti-inflammatory properties?

Acetaminophen (APAP) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Acetaminophen (APAP) in reducing fever?

Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in the hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum single dose of Fentanyl for an adult?

100 mcg Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is contraindicated for patients with anuria and hypovolemia?

Furosemide Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial dose of atropine for an adult patient with bradycardia?

1.5 mg IV/IO Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of Glucagon in the body?

Stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of calcium chloride?

Essential for regulating the excitation threshold of nerves and muscles, normal cardiac contractility, and blood coagulation Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used for acute moderate to severe pain?

Hydromorphone Signup and view all the answers

What are the contraindications for the use of calcium gluconate?

V-Fib during cardiac resuscitation, digitalis toxicity, hypercalcemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for using Hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit)?

Known or suspected cyanide poisoning Signup and view all the answers

What is the onset of dexamethasone when administered orally?

4-8 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of diazepam (Valium)?

Increases the activity of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, thereby producing a sedative effect, relaxing skeletal muscles, and raising the seizure threshold Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is contraindicated in patients with second and third-degree heart block?

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) Signup and view all the answers

What is the onset of action for Etomidate (Amidate)?

< 1 minute Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum recommended dose for Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) in adults?

400 mg/day Signup and view all the answers

In which condition is Racemic Epinephrine indicated?

Laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) Signup and view all the answers

At what dose should Epinephrine (Adrenalin) be administered for anaphylaxis or asthma in adults?

0.3-0.5 mg IV/IO Signup and view all the answers

What is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose?

Activated Charcoal Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of amiodarone?

Works on both the ventricles and the atria, prolonging the refractory period Signup and view all the answers

What is the main contraindication for using albuterol?

Bradycardia Signup and view all the answers

What are the side effects of acetylcysteine (Mucomyst, Acetadote)?

Nausea/vomiting, hepatotoxicity Signup and view all the answers

What is the class of antidote that binds to and adsorbs ingested toxins, inhibiting their GI absorption?

Activated Charcoal Signup and view all the answers

What is the contraindication for using Ketorolac (Toradol)?

Renal insufficiency Signup and view all the answers

How does Ipratropium (Atrovent) work?

It blocks the interaction of acetylcholine at receptor sites on bronchial smooth muscle resulting in bronchodilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of Lidocaine (Xylocaine)?

Is a sodium channel blocker that acts primarily on the ventricles of the heart during phase 4 diastolic depolarization Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of Ketamine (Ketalar)?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

When should Lorazapam (Ativan) be avoided?

In patients with severe hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Acetaminophen (APAP)

Primary action is analgesic (pain relief) and antipyretic (fever reduction).
Does not affect platelet function, making it suitable for patients requiring anticoagulation.
Lacks anti-inflammatory properties, distinguishing it from NSAIDs.

Fentanyl

Maximum single dose for adults is 100 micrograms (mcg) via IV route for acute pain management.

Contraindications and Dosages

Medications contraindicated in patients with anuria and hypovolemia include NSAIDs such as Ketorolac.
Initial dose of atropine for adult bradycardia is typically 0.5 mg IV; may be repeated every 3-5 minutes as needed.

Glucagon and Calcium Chloride

Glucagon increases blood glucose levels by promoting glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
Calcium chloride works by increasing serum calcium levels, important for cardiac function and muscle contraction.

Pain Management

Medications used for acute moderate to severe pain include opioids like Morphine and Fentanyl.

Hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit)

Indicated for cyanide poisoning, it binds to cyanide to neutralize its toxic effects.

Dexamethasone and Diazepam

Onset of dexamethasone is typically within 1-2 hours when administered orally.
Diazepam acts as a benzodiazepine, providing sedation, anxiolysis, muscle relaxation, and anticonvulsant properties.

Heart Conditions and Etomidate

Medications contraindicated in patients with second and third-degree heart block include certain antiarrhythmics and beta-blockers.
Onset of action for Etomidate is rapid, generally within 30-60 seconds for induction.

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Maximum recommended dose for adults is 50 mg per dose, with caution to avoid excessive sedation.

Racemic Epinephrine and Anaphylaxis

Indicated for upper airway edema and croup conditions.
Recommended dose for adult anaphylaxis or asthma is 0.3-0.5 mg (0.3-0.5 mL of 1:1000 solution) administered IM.

Acetaminophen Overdose

Antidote for acetaminophen overdose is N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst, Acetadote), which replenishes glutathione.

Amiodarone and Albuterol

Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic that works by prolonging the action potential and refractory period.
Main contraindication for albuterol use is serious cardiovascular disorders, like tachyarrhythmias.

Side Effects and Mechanisms

Common side effects of acetylcysteine include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Class of antidote that binds to and adsorbs ingested toxins includes activated charcoal.

Ketorolac and Ipratropium

Ketorolac is contraindicated in patients with renal impairment or active peptic ulcer disease.
Ipratropium works as a bronchodilator by inhibiting acetylcholine on bronchial smooth muscle.

Lidocaine and Ketamine

Lidocaine acts as a local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic agent, stabilizing neuronal membranes.
Common side effect of ketamine includes emergence reactions, leading to hallucinations or dissociation.

Lorazepam (Ativan) Use

Should be avoided in cases of severe respiratory depression or when used with other CNS depressants.

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Description

Test your knowledge of cardiovascular medication contraindications, onset, duration, dosage, and side effects with this quiz. Evaluate your understanding of hypersensitivity, heart block, hypotension, shock, ventricular rhythms, and administration guidelines for adults and pediatric patients.