Podcast
Questions and Answers
A medication that is classified as a negative chronotrope will have which effect?
A medication that is classified as a negative chronotrope will have which effect?
- Increased force of contraction
- Increased heart rate
- Decreased heart rate (correct)
- Decreased electrical conduction
Which receptor, when stimulated, leads to vasoconstriction, increased peripheral vascular resistance (PVR), and increased afterload?
Which receptor, when stimulated, leads to vasoconstriction, increased peripheral vascular resistance (PVR), and increased afterload?
- Beta-2
- Alpha-1 (correct)
- Beta-1
- Alpha-2
A patient taking Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, develops a persistent dry cough. Which medication might the provider switch the patient to?
A patient taking Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, develops a persistent dry cough. Which medication might the provider switch the patient to?
- Furosemide
- Digoxin
- Losartan (correct)
- Metoprolol
Why is it important to monitor patients taking Digoxin for hypokalemia?
Why is it important to monitor patients taking Digoxin for hypokalemia?
Which is a primary mechanism by which calcium channel blockers (CCBs) lower blood pressure?
Which is a primary mechanism by which calcium channel blockers (CCBs) lower blood pressure?
Monitoring a patient’s weight, intake and output (I&O), and lung sounds is particularly important for patients taking which medication?
Monitoring a patient’s weight, intake and output (I&O), and lung sounds is particularly important for patients taking which medication?
Which instruction should be given to a patient prescribed sublingual nitroglycerin for angina?
Which instruction should be given to a patient prescribed sublingual nitroglycerin for angina?
A patient with asthma is prescribed a non-selective beta-blocker. What potential adverse effect should the nurse be most concerned about?
A patient with asthma is prescribed a non-selective beta-blocker. What potential adverse effect should the nurse be most concerned about?
Which of the following effects is associated with the administration of central acting alpha-2 agonists like Clonidine for hypertension management?
Which of the following effects is associated with the administration of central acting alpha-2 agonists like Clonidine for hypertension management?
A patient taking statins reports muscle pain and weakness. What is the priority action the nurse should take?
A patient taking statins reports muscle pain and weakness. What is the priority action the nurse should take?
Flashcards
Chronotrope
Chronotrope
Affects heart rate.
Dromotrope
Dromotrope
Affects electrical conduction in the heart.
Inotrope
Inotrope
Affects the force of heart contraction.
Alpha-1 Receptor Function
Alpha-1 Receptor Function
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Alpha-2 Receptor Function
Alpha-2 Receptor Function
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Beta-1 Receptor Function
Beta-1 Receptor Function
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Beta-2 Receptor Function
Beta-2 Receptor Function
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ACE Inhibitors (ACE-I)
ACE Inhibitors (ACE-I)
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Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
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Diuretics
Diuretics
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Study Notes
Key Vocabulary
- Chronotrope affects heart rate
- Dromotrope affects electrical conduction
- Inotrope affects the force of contraction
Receptors and Their Functions
- Alpha-1 receptors cause vasoconstriction, increasing PVR, preload, and afterload, and increased afterload increases the work of the heart
- Alpha-2 receptors block vascular responses to sympathetic stimulation
- Beta-1 receptors have positive inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic effects, with epinephrine as an example
- Beta-2 receptors cause bronchodilation, increasing pulmonary blood flow
Common Cardiovascular Medications & Their Actions
- Adrenergic drugs affect sympathetic nervous system receptors, including epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine
- ACE Inhibitors (ACE-I) decrease afterload by preventing Angiotensin II formation, which is a vasoconstrictor
- Side effects of ACE-I include dry cough and angioedema, the latter caused by increased bradykinins; Lisinopril is an example
- Patients experiencing angioedema on ACE-I can switch to ARBs
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
- ARBs block Angiotensin II at receptor sites, decreasing afterload
- Side effects of ARBs include diarrhea and hyperkalemia
- ARBs are used instead of or with ACE-I; Losartan is an example
Beta Blockers (BBs)
- Beta Blockers decrease heart rate, the force of contraction, and electrical conduction, which leads to a decrease in cardiac output
- Caution should be exercised, because BB could cause bronchospasm, especially with non-selective Beta Blockers like propranolol
- Assess heart rate and blood pressure before administration
- Watch for orthostatic hypotension and impacts on glucose levels
- Examples include Metoprolol, and some with mixed alpha/beta blocking action like carvedilol
Cardiac Glycosides (Digoxin)
- Digoxin decreases heart rate and increases the force of contraction
- Signs of toxicity include anorexia (an early symptom) and bradycardia/arrhythmia (an early sign)
- Baseline heart rate should be check before administering, hold is the heart rate is < 60 adults,
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