Cardiovascular Drugs Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the main clinical use of digoxin?

  • Treatment of congestive cardiac failure (correct)
  • Treatment of hypertension
  • Relief of fever
  • Management of vertigo

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with digoxin use?

  • Hypokalemia (correct)
  • Hyponatremia
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Anemia

What is the mechanism of action of aspirin?

  • Reduction of prostaglandin synthesis (correct)
  • Increased thromboxane A2 production
  • Reversible inhibition of COX enzyme
  • Stimulation of platelet activation

Which enzyme does digoxin inhibit to increase intracellular calcium concentrations?

<p>Na+/K+ ATPase pump (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of aspirin in platelet function?

<p>Inhibition of thromboxane A2 production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications interacts negatively with digoxin?

<p>NSAIDs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is aspirin used at low doses?

<p>To prevent platelet aggregation by inhibiting PGI2 formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of heparins?

<p>Inactivation of clotting factors IIa, IXa, Xa, XIa, XIIa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the antidote for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia?

<p>Protamine sulfate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does warfarin function as an anticoagulant?

<p>Inhibits the synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, X (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is monitored when using warfarin as an anticoagulant?

<p>Prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes warfarin-induced skin necrosis?

<p>A rare, serious adverse drug reaction to warfarin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Propranolol?

<p>Inhibits the contraction of the heart by blocking β1 receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a major adverse effect of Propranolol?

<p>Hypertension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of Nitroglycerin on blood vessels?

<p>Relaxation of smooth muscle leading to vasodilation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (MtALDH) in the action of Nitroglycerin?

<p>Convert Nitroglycerin to NO (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life of Propranolol?

<p>4 hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the peak concentration time of Nitroglycerin when administered intravenously?

<p>Approximately 4.4 minutes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Digoxin's primary use

Treating congestive heart failure

Common Digoxin side effect

Hypokalemia (low potassium)

Aspirin's mechanism

Reduces prostaglandin synthesis

Digoxin's enzyme target

Na+/K+ ATPase pump

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Aspirin's role in platelets

Inhibits thromboxane A2

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Medication interacting with Digoxin

NSAIDs

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Aspirin's low-dose purpose

Prevent platelet aggregation by blocking PGI2

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Heparin's mechanism

Inactivates clotting factors (IIa, IXa, Xa, XIa, XIIa)

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Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia antidote

Protamine sulfate

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Warfarin's mechanism

Inhibits clotting factor synthesis (II, VII, IX, X)

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Warfarin monitoring

PT (Prothrombin Time) and INR (International Normalized Ratio)

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Warfarin skin necrosis cause

Rare adverse drug reaction

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Propranolol's mechanism

Blocks β1 receptors, reducing heart contraction.

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Non-adverse effect of Propranolol

No hypertension (high blood pressure)

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Nitroglycerin's effect

Relax blood vessel smooth muscle causing vasodilation

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Nitroglycerin conversion

Converted to NO by MtALDH

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Propranolol half-life

4 hours

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Nitroglycerin's peak IV time

Approximately 4.4 minutes

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