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Questions and Answers
What is the mechanism of action of Salbutamol?
What is the mechanism of action of Salbutamol?
Prednisolone activates inflammatory genes.
Prednisolone activates inflammatory genes.
False
What type of drug is Atropine and what is its primary effect?
What type of drug is Atropine and what is its primary effect?
Anticholinergic/anti-muscarinic drug; increases heart rate and contractility.
Adrenaline 1:1000 stimulates _____ receptors resulting in bronchodilation.
Adrenaline 1:1000 stimulates _____ receptors resulting in bronchodilation.
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Which drug is considered a potent loop diuretic?
Which drug is considered a potent loop diuretic?
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Match the drugs with their mechanisms of action:
Match the drugs with their mechanisms of action:
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What is the primary effect of Aspirin?
What is the primary effect of Aspirin?
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What effect does Morphine have on the body?
What effect does Morphine have on the body?
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Study Notes
Mechanisms of Action
- Salbutamol: Beta 2 agonist increasing cAMP levels, resulting in smooth muscle relaxation, improving airflow.
- Ipratropium Bromide: Muscarinic antagonist blocking acetylcholine effects, preventing airway dilation.
- Prednisolone and Hydrocortisone: Corticosteroids suppressing inflammatory genes, activating anti-inflammatory genes.
- Adrenaline (1:1000): Stimulates alpha 1 receptors causing vasoconstriction, and beta 2 receptors for bronchodilation.
- Dexamethasone: Corticosteroid reducing subglottic inflammation.
- Adrenaline (1:10000): Increases systemic vascular resistance, blood pressure, and allows blood flow to brain and heart during cardiac arrest; increases heart rate, contractility, and electrical conduction; causes bronchodilation.
- Atropine: Anticholinergic/anti-muscarinic drug; preventing parasympathetic activity, increasing heart rate and contractility.
- Amiodarone: Anti-arrhythmic drug blocking potassium channels; increasing action potential duration, slowing heart rate.
- Aspirin: Platelet inhibitor; inactivates COX enzymes, decreasing thromboxane and prostaglandin production; preventing blood clotting.
- GTN: Converts to nitric oxide, causing vasodilation; reducing preload, increasing blood flow to cardiac tissue.
Additional Medications and Actions
- Furosemide: Potent loop diuretic; stops sodium, potassium, and chloride reabsorption, increasing urination.
- Diazepam and Midazolam: GABA enhancers; increasing GABA's inhibitory effect, reducing CNS excitability.
- Morphine: Acts on delta, kappa, and mu receptors; causing euphoria, sedation, and analgesia; opening potassium channels, causing hyperpolarisation.
- Ondansetron: Antiemetic binding to 5-HT receptors, both centrally and in the GI tract.
- Ibuprofen: Non-selective COX inhibitor; decreasing prostaglandin and thromboxane production; anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and analgesic.
- Activated Charcoal: Absorbent binding toxins in the GI tract, preventing absorption into the bloodstream.
- Naloxone: Opioid antagonist; competitively binding to opioid receptors, preventing opioid effects.
- Nitrous Oxide: Selectively inhibits NMDA receptors, preventing or decreasing pain neurotransmitters.
- TXA: Competing with plasminogen; preventing fibrinogen binding, inhibiting clot breakdown.
- Misoprostol: Uterotonic; stimulating uterus contraction, controlling bleeding.
- Glucose: Increases blood sugar.
- Glucagon: Converts glycogen to glucose, increasing blood sugar.
- Chlorphenamine: Inverse agonist binding to H1 receptors; inhibits histamine reactions, reducing allergy symptoms.
Benzylpenicillin
- Narrow-spectrum antibiotic targeting specific bacterial cell wall proteins.
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Description
This quiz explores the mechanisms of action for various pharmacological agents, including beta agonists, muscarinic antagonists, corticosteroids, and anti-arrhythmic drugs. Test your understanding of how each medication functions and its role in treating respiratory and cardiovascular conditions.
