PH 9 Drugs Affecting the Renal Urinary and Cardiovascular Systems
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Questions and Answers

Which class of drugs acts directly on the smooth muscle in the blood vessel walls to cause them to dilate (widen or relax)?

  • Nitrates (correct)
  • ACE inhibitors
  • Beta blockers
  • Adrenergic drugs

    • Which type of drug reduces overactive bladder symptoms by relaxing the bladder muscle?

  • Antidysrhythmics
  • Calcium channel blockers
  • Inotropic drugs
  • Urinary antispasmodics (correct)

    • Which class of drugs works as an antagonist and blocks the activity of beta-adrenergic receptors, thus lowering blood pressure and slowing heart rate?

  • Adrenergic drugs
  • Beta blockers (correct)
  • Calcium channel blockers
  • ACE inhibitors

    • Which type of drug has the main action of decreasing fluid volume by increasing urine output?

    <p>Diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diuretic prevents water, sodium, potassium, and chloride from being reabsorbed back into the blood?

    <p>Thiazide-like sulfonamides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diuretic works by blocking active transport of chloride, sodium, and potassium in the thick ascending loop of Henle?

    <p>Loop diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diuretic increases urine output without the loss of potassium?

    <p>Potassium-sparing diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diuretic is widely considered the most powerful?

    <p>Loop diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is a key learning outcome related to drugs affecting the renal/urinary and cardiovascular systems?

    <p>List the names and actions of diuretic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is an example of an adrenergic drug?

    <p>Alpha2-adrenergic agonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is a possible side effect of alpha1-adrenergic antagonists?

    <p>Orthostatic hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is a key learning outcome related to drugs for angina and heart failure?

    <p>Explain what to teach patients and families about drugs for angina and heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the main action of diuretics?

    <p>Decreasing fluid volume by increasing urine output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of diuretics is commonly used as first line in the management of high blood pressure?

    <p>Thiazide diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do thiazides and thiazide-like sulfonamide diuretics work in the nephron?

    <p>End of the ascending loop of Henle and beginning of the distal convoluted tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the long-term effect of thiazides on the arterioles?

    <p>Dilation of the arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diuretic should patients taking potassium-sparing diuretics avoid consuming in their diet?

    <p>Foods high in potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom should patients notify their healthcare provider about if they are taking diuretics?

    <p>Muscle cramping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the best time to take diuretics to avoid disturbing sleep at night?

    <p>In the morning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients do if they are taking diuretics and experience urinary frequency and urgency?

    <p>Be near a bathroom or have access to a urinal or bedside commode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte can be lost after loop diuretic administration?

    <p>Potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diuretic does not cause loss of potassium?

    <p>Potassium-sparing diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common side effects of diuretics?

    <p>Dry mouth and increased thirst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs of hypokalemia (low potassium) caused by diuretics?

    <p>Muscle cramping, abnormal heart rhythm, and changes in reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme do DHT inhibitors bind to in order to shrink the prostate?

    <p>DHT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common side effect of DHT inhibitors?

    <p>Decreased interest in sexual activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is known to affect other hormones and sex tissues?

    <p>Both dutasteride and finasteride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should pregnant women avoid doing with DHT inhibitors?

    <p>Handling or touching the drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drugs relax smooth muscle tissue in the prostate gland, bladder neck, and urethra?

    <p>Neither DHT inhibitors nor alpha1 blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the smooth muscle when alpha1-adrenergic receptors are activated?

    <p>It constricts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte can be lost after loop diuretic administration?

    <p>Potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is a key learning outcome related to drugs affecting the renal/urinary and cardiovascular systems?

    <p>Increased urine output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common side effect of diuretics?

    <p>Urinary urgency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs of hypokalemia (low potassium) caused by diuretics?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of diuretics is commonly used for cardiovascular problems such as high blood pressure and heart failure?

    <p>Thiazide diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diuretic prevents water, sodium, potassium, and chloride from being reabsorbed back into the blood?

    <p>Loop diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the long-term effect of thiazides on the arterioles?

    <p>Dilation of arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte can be lost after loop diuretic administration?

    <p>Potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key learning outcome related to the administration of diuretics?

    <p>Monitoring daily weight and blood pressure while taking diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible symptom of hypokalemia caused by diuretics?

    <p>Sensation of irregular heartbeat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should patients take diuretics to avoid disturbing sleep at night?

    <p>In the morning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of foods should patients taking potassium-sparing diuretics avoid consuming in their diet?

    <p>Fruits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diuretic is known to cause more severe side effects compared to other diuretics?

    <p>Loop diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily dosage range for indapamide (Lozol)?

    <p>1.25–2.5 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a patient taking diuretics reports decreased hearing or a ringing in the ears?

    <p>Discontinue the diuretic and notify the healthcare provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte imbalance can occur with the use of potassium-sparing diuretics?

    <p>Hyperkalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug works centrally in the brain to turn on special alpha2 receptors that cause vasodilation and decrease blood pressure?

    <p>Adrenergic drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs reduces high blood pressure by stopping the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II?

    <p>Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II to lower blood pressure?

    <p>Angiotensin II receptor blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs works as an antagonist and blocks the activity of beta-adrenergic receptors, thus lowering blood pressure and slowing heart rate?

    <p>Beta blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of drugs affects the nervous system control of various organs and tissues by activating or blocking receptors that respond to the body's natural adrenergic substances, epinephrine and norepinephrine?

    <p>Adrenergics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of adrenergic drug lowers blood pressure by blocking the adrenergic receptor sites in blood vessel smooth muscle that, when activated, cause vasoconstriction and raise blood pressure?

    <p>Alpha1-adrenergic antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of adrenergic drug works by activating the alpha2-adrenergic receptors in the central nervous system, leading to reduced sympathetic outflow and decreased blood pressure?

    <p>Alpha2-adrenergic agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs works as an antagonist and blocks the activity of beta-adrenergic receptors, thus lowering blood pressure and slowing heart rate?

    <p>Beta-adrenergic blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme do DHT inhibitors bind to in order to shrink the prostate?

    <p>Dihydrotestosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common side effect of DHT inhibitors?

    <p>Decreased interest in sexual activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should pregnant women avoid doing with DHT inhibitors?

    <p>Handling or touching the drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drugs relax smooth muscle tissue in the prostate gland, bladder neck, and urethra?

    <p>Alpha1-adrenergic blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the nursing implications for patients taking DHT inhibitors?

    <p>Teach patients about the side effects of these drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adult dosage range for dutasteride (Avodart)?

    <p>0.5 mg once daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most correct?

    <p>$(-2) + 2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of diuretics is considered the most powerful?

    <p>Loop diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients do to prevent hyperkalemia while taking potassium-sparing diuretics?

    <p>Avoid salt substitutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily dosage range for indapamide (Lozol)?

    <p>1.25-2.5 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if potassium levels are too low while taking diuretics?

    <p>Irregular heartbeat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of loop diuretics?

    <p>Hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of potassium-sparing diuretics?

    <p>Slowing the sodium pump in the collecting duct of the nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte can be lost after loop diuretic administration?

    <p>Potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect of all diuretics?

    <p>Hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diuretic works at the end of the ascending loop of Henle and the beginning of the distal convoluted tubule in the nephron?

    <p>Thiazides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs is commonly used for cardiovascular problems such as high blood pressure and heart failure, rather than kidney problems?

    <p>Loop diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most commonly used type of diuretic and often the first line in the management of high blood pressure?

    <p>Thiazides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of thiazides and thiazide-like sulfonamide diuretics?

    <p>Increase urine output by preventing reabsorption of water, sodium, potassium, and chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key nursing implication for patients taking diuretics?

    <p>Monitor trends in daily weight and blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of alpha1-adrenergic receptor blockers used to manage benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

    <p>Relax the smooth muscle of the prostate and bladder outlet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diuretic works by blocking the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the thick ascending loop of Henle?

    <p>Loop diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients taking potassium-sparing diuretics avoid consuming in their diet?

    <p>Foods high in potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is a key learning outcome related to drugs for high blood cholesterol and high blood pressure?

    <p>Describe the teaching points for patients and families about drugs for high blood cholesterol and high blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common side effect of drugs to treat angina and heart failure?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of adrenergic drug works by blocking the adrenergic receptor sites in blood vessel smooth muscle that cause vasoconstriction and raise blood pressure?

    <p>Alpha1-adrenergic antagonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the nursing implications for patients taking drugs for dysrhythmias?

    <p>Monitor blood pressure and heart rate regularly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme do DHT inhibitors bind to in order to shrink the prostate?

    <p>Prostate enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adult dosage range for dutasteride (Avodart)?

    <p>0.5 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common side effect of DHT inhibitors?

    <p>Decreased interest in sexual activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should pregnant women avoid doing with DHT inhibitors?

    <p>Handling or touching the drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs relax smooth muscle tissue in the prostate gland, bladder neck, and urethra?

    <p>Alpha1 blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients report to their healthcare provider when taking DHT inhibitors?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug works centrally in the brain to activate alpha2 receptors, causing vasodilation and decreasing blood pressure?

    <p>Adrenergic drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs lowers blood pressure by reducing the effect of calcium in the heart muscle and in the smooth muscles of arteries?

    <p>Calcium channel blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte can be lost after loop diuretic administration?

    <p>Potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs relaxes peripheral veins and reduces resistance to blood flow in the arteries?

    <p>Vasodilators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the long-term effect of thiazides on the arterioles?

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs increases urine output by blocking active transport of chloride, sodium, and potassium in the thick ascending loop of Henle?

    <p>Loop diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diuretic is known to cause more severe side effects compared to other diuretics?

    <p>Loop diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a patient taking diuretics reports decreased hearing or a ringing in the ears?

    <p>Stop taking diuretics immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key nursing implication for patients taking diuretics?

    <p>Monitor daily weight and blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is a key learning outcome related to drugs affecting the renal/urinary and cardiovascular systems?

    <p>Understanding the mechanism of action of diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients report to their healthcare provider when taking DHT inhibitors?

    <p>Unintentional weight loss or weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diuretic works by blocking active transport of chloride, sodium, and potassium in the thick ascending loop of Henle?

    <p>Loop diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diuretic works by blocking the reabsorption of water, sodium, potassium, and chloride in the nephron to be reabsorbed back into the blood?

    <p>Thiazide-like sulfonamides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily dosage range for bumetanide (Bumex)?

    <p>0.5-2 mg orally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte imbalance should patients taking diuretics report to their healthcare provider?

    <p>Low potassium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of diuretics is known to cause the most severe side effects?

    <p>Loop diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of diuretics is commonly used for cardiovascular problems such as high blood pressure and heart failure, rather than kidney problems?

    <p>Loop diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of thiazide and thiazide-like sulfonamide diuretics?

    <p>Increase urine output by inhibiting the reabsorption of water and sodium in the distal convoluted tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte imbalance should be monitored in patients taking thiazide diuretics?

    <p>Hypokalemia (low potassium)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common side effect of loop diuretics?

    <p>Hypokalemia (low potassium)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug is an alpha2-adrenergic agonist?

    <p>A drug that activates the alpha2-adrenergic receptors in the central nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug is an alpha1-adrenergic antagonist?

    <p>A drug that blocks the alpha1-adrenergic receptors in the central nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs affects nervous system control of various organs and tissues by activating or blocking receptors that respond to the body's natural adrenergic substances?

    <p>Adrenergics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of diuretics?

    <p>Decreasing fluid volume by increasing urine output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme do DHT inhibitors bind to in order to shrink the prostate?

    <p>Dihydrotestosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common side effect of DHT inhibitors?

    <p>Decreased interest in sexual activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should pregnant women avoid doing with DHT inhibitors?

    <p>Handling or touching the drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drugs relax smooth muscle tissue in the prostate gland, bladder neck, and urethra?

    <p>Alpha1-adrenergic receptor blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily dosage range for dutasteride (Avodart)?

    <p>0.5 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of alpha1-adrenergic receptor blockers used to manage benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

    <p>Relaxing smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

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