Cardiovascular Disease & Hypertension Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of cholesterol and lipoproteins in cardiovascular disease?

  • They help regulate heart rhythm.
  • They increase blood circulation efficiency.
  • They strengthen arterial walls.
  • They lead to the development of atheromas. (correct)

Which of the following is a common arrhythmia?

  • Tachycardia (correct)
  • Myocardial Infarction
  • Angina
  • Congestive Heart Failure

What condition is indicated by the presence of Aschoff bodies?

  • Rheumatic Fever (correct)
  • Congestive Heart Failure
  • Pericarditis
  • Infectious Endocarditis

Which term describes the condition where the heart cannot pump effectively?

<p>Congestive Heart Failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurs in blood flow due to congenital heart defects?

<p>Altered blood circulation pathways (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a primary treatment measure for coronary artery disease?

<p>Cardiac rehabilitation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of shock is characterized by a decrease in blood volume?

<p>Hypovolemic shock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of essential hypertension?

<p>Unknown factors and genetics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized M.J.'s diagnosis of essential hypertension?

<p>Persistent blood pressure elevation above 140/90 mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What complications can arise from high diastolic pressure in patients with essential hypertension?

<p>Retinal changes and congestive heart failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom was NOT reported by M.J. during his recent health complaints?

<p>Chest pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of untreated essential hypertension?

<p>Congestive heart failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the narrowing of blood vessels associated with essential hypertension?

<p>Vasoconstriction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lifestyle modifications are suggested for patients with a history of hypertension?

<p>Dietary changes and exercise programs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What critical condition can develop as a result of severe hypertension, impacting the heart's ability to pump blood?

<p>Cardiogenic shock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the blood pressure reading recorded during M.J.'s recent checkup?

<p>190/120 mmHg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of high elastic fiber content in the aorta?

<p>To provide flexibility and accommodate blood flow fluctuations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is associated with the risk of myocardial infarction?

<p>Coronary artery disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of mitral valve incompetence on blood flow?

<p>Backflow of blood into the left atrium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is a possible cause of cardiac dysrhythmias?

<p>Myocardial damage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by intermittent claudication?

<p>Pain during exertion due to inadequate blood flow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can vasodilator drugs be of limited value in cases of arterial disease?

<p>They may worsen blood flow issues in narrowed arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic sign of shock?

<p>Cold, clammy skin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following heart defects is categorized as a congenital defect?

<p>Atrial septal defect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Congestive Heart Failure

A type of heart disorder where the heart muscle is weakened and unable to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs and other parts of the body.

Metabolic Syndrome

A condition marked by high blood pressure, high cholesterol, abdominal obesity, high blood sugar, and low levels of good cholesterol. Increases the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Angina

A condition where the blood supply to the heart is reduced, causing chest pain. It can be a symptom of coronary artery disease.

Myocardial Infarction

A condition where the blood supply to the heart is blocked, causing damage to the heart muscle. It is a serious medical emergency.

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Murmurs

The sound of blood flowing through the heart, particularly when it makes unusual sounds like whooshing or swishing. Can indicate valve problems or other heart conditions.

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Cardiac Dysrhythmias (Arrhythmias)

A condition caused by an abnormal rhythm of the heart, leading to irregular or rapid heartbeat. Can make the heart beat too fast or too slow.

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Auscultation

A test that uses a special instrument to listen to sounds within the body, commonly used to evaluate heart sounds.

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Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

A test to measure the electrical activity of the heart. It can detect abnormal heart rhythms and other heart problems.

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Cardiogenic Shock

A condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, often caused by a heart attack or heart failure.

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Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

A condition where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to a buildup of fluid in the body.

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Essential Hypertension

A condition where blood pressure is consistently high, usually above 140/90 mmHg. It often has no obvious cause.

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Vasoconstriction

Narrowing of blood vessels, which can lead to increased blood pressure.

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Myocardial Infarction (MI)

A heart attack, caused by a blockage in a coronary artery.

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Conduction System Abnormalities

A condition where the heart's electrical conduction system is impaired, leading to irregular heartbeat.

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Blood Supply to the Myocardium Issues

Blood supply to the heart muscle is compromised, leading to potential damage.

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Structural Abnormalities of the Heart

Changes in the structure of the heart, such as thickening of the heart muscle or valve problems, affecting its function.

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Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)

A more severe condition compared to angina, where a portion of the heart muscle is damaged or dies due to a complete blockage of a coronary artery.

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Cardiac Arrest

A medical emergency in which the heart stops beating effectively, leading to a dramatic decrease in blood flow throughout the body. It can be caused by various factors like heart attack, severe blood loss, or infections.

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Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

A condition where a blood clot forms within a vein, most commonly in the legs. It can lead to pain, swelling, and redness in the affected area.

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Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

A serious condition in which a blood clot from a DVT travels to the lungs, blocking blood flow and oxygen supply.

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Atherosclerosis

A condition where the blood vessels become narrower and less elastic due to plaque build-up. This can lead to reduced blood flow, increased pressure, and eventually blockages.

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Valve Incompetence (Regurgitation)

A condition where the heart's valves do not close properly, allowing blood to leak back into a chamber instead of flowing forward. It can lead to heart murmurs, shortness of breath, and fatigue.

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Heart Failure (Congestive Heart Failure)

A condition where the heart muscle weakens and is unable to pump blood effectively. It leads to a buildup of fluid in the lungs and other parts of the body.

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