24 Questions
What are the symptoms of acute arterial occlusion from embolism or thrombosis?
Pain, numbness, cold limb, pale skin, pulseless limb
What is a characteristic feature of varicose veins?
Dilated and tortuous appearance
What suggests chronic venous insufficiency?
Brownish discoloration or ulcers just above the malleolus
What is a characteristic of lymphedema?
Edema initially soft and pitting, then becomes indurated, hard, and nonpitting
What is syncope?
A transient loss of consciousness followed by recovery
What is the ejection fraction (EF) normally?
60%
What causes a paradoxical pulse?
Pericardial tamponade
What is the main cause of fainting or syncope?
Vasovagal syncope
What does reduced right ventricular preload result from?
Dehydration
What is the impact of tobacco use on the cardiovascular system?
Vasoconstriction
What is the significance of a decreased amplitude of beats upon respiratory inspiration?
Pulsus paradoxus
What is the percentage of ventricular volume ejected during each heartbeat in heart failure?
60%
What may skin thickening indicate in relation to cardiac output and perfusion?
Hypertension, shock, or heart murmurs
What do heart murmurs indicate?
Turbulent blood flow, often due to valvular heart disease
What can murmurs indicate?
Conditions like heart failure or hypertension
What may bruits indicate?
Atherosclerosis or other conditions
What can palpitations indicate?
Conduction system disease, anxiety, or hyperthyroidism
What can pitting edema be a sign of?
Heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, or malnutrition
What can swelling or edema be caused by?
Cardiac or pulmonary issues, nutritional deficiencies, or positional factors
What is the difference between dependent edema and anasarca?
Dependent edema appears in the lowest body parts when sitting or bedridden, while anasarca is severe generalized edema
What symptoms may patients retaining fluid experience?
Tight rings, periorbital puffiness, and an enlarged waistline
When may dependent edema become obvious?
Until several liters of extra fluid have accumulated
What may occur prior to visible edema in patients retaining fluid?
Rapid weight gain
What aspects should close attention be paid to in relation to swelling?
Location, timing, and setting of swelling, along with associated symptoms
Study Notes
Cardiovascular Assessment and Related Symptoms
- Skin thickening may indicate conditions affecting cardiac output and perfusion such as hypertension, shock, or heart murmurs
- Heart murmurs are distinct sounds indicating turbulent blood flow, often due to valvular heart disease
- Murmurs can be graded by loudness and may indicate conditions like heart failure or hypertension
- Bruits are caused by turbulent blood flow and may indicate atherosclerosis or other conditions
- Palpitations may indicate conduction system disease, but can also be caused by anxiety or hyperthyroidism
- Pitting edema can be a sign of heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, or malnutrition
- Swelling, or edema, can be caused by cardiac or pulmonary issues, nutritional deficiencies, or positional factors
- Dependent edema appears in the lowest body parts when sitting or bedridden, while anasarca is severe generalized edema
- Patients retaining fluid may experience tight rings, periorbital puffiness, and an enlarged waistline
- Dependent edema may not be obvious until several liters of extra fluid have accumulated
- Rapid weight gain may occur prior to visible edema, so daily morning weights should be recorded
- Close attention should be paid to the location, timing, and setting of swelling, along with associated symptoms
Test your knowledge of cardiovascular assessment and related symptoms with this quiz. Explore the signs and symptoms that may indicate conditions affecting cardiac output, perfusion, and various cardiovascular diseases. Gain insight into recognizing murmurs, bruits, palpitations, and different types of edema.
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