Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of deaths is attributed to CAD?
What percentage of deaths is attributed to CAD?
Hypertension is considered a modifiable risk factor for CAD.
Hypertension is considered a modifiable risk factor for CAD.
True
What is one unmodifiable risk factor for CAD?
What is one unmodifiable risk factor for CAD?
age, sex, ethnicity, or family history
CAD is a type of __________ blood vessel disorder.
CAD is a type of __________ blood vessel disorder.
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Which of the following is a precipitating event that can cause CAD?
Which of the following is a precipitating event that can cause CAD?
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Match the following CAD phases with their focus:
Match the following CAD phases with their focus:
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What is PCI an abbreviation for in the context of managing CAD?
What is PCI an abbreviation for in the context of managing CAD?
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What is one of the goals when treating heart failure?
What is one of the goals when treating heart failure?
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Oral hypoglycemic agents are primarily indicated for treating hypertension.
Oral hypoglycemic agents are primarily indicated for treating hypertension.
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What is one therapeutic effect of oral hypoglycemic agents?
What is one therapeutic effect of oral hypoglycemic agents?
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Dipeptidyl-peptidase inhibitors are a classification of _______ that help in managing diabetes.
Dipeptidyl-peptidase inhibitors are a classification of _______ that help in managing diabetes.
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Match the classification of oral hypoglycemic agents with their characteristics:
Match the classification of oral hypoglycemic agents with their characteristics:
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What is a primary health promotion strategy for managing COPD?
What is a primary health promotion strategy for managing COPD?
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Corticosteroids are used to reduce inflammation in patients with COPD.
Corticosteroids are used to reduce inflammation in patients with COPD.
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What can hypercapnia cause in patients?
What can hypercapnia cause in patients?
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In COPD management, the __________ scale is used to assess dyspnea severity.
In COPD management, the __________ scale is used to assess dyspnea severity.
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Match the symptoms with their descriptions:
Match the symptoms with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is a common side effect of corticosteroids?
Which of the following is a common side effect of corticosteroids?
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It is not necessary to taper the dose of corticosteroids after treatment.
It is not necessary to taper the dose of corticosteroids after treatment.
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What is the significance of assessing ADLs in COPD patients?
What is the significance of assessing ADLs in COPD patients?
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The presence of __________ can indicate severe complications such as pulmonary hypertension in COPD patients.
The presence of __________ can indicate severe complications such as pulmonary hypertension in COPD patients.
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What effect does high blood pressure (HTN) have on the heart?
What effect does high blood pressure (HTN) have on the heart?
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Starling’s Law states that increased heart stretch has no effect on the force of contraction.
Starling’s Law states that increased heart stretch has no effect on the force of contraction.
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What condition results from persistent high heart rate that affects the efficiency of the heart's pumping?
What condition results from persistent high heart rate that affects the efficiency of the heart's pumping?
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Obesity can lead to increased ________ pressure, impacting heart function.
Obesity can lead to increased ________ pressure, impacting heart function.
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Match the risk factor with its effect on the heart:
Match the risk factor with its effect on the heart:
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Which of the following is a common complication of heart failure?
Which of the following is a common complication of heart failure?
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Fluid moving from the vascular space to the pulmonary interstitial space is a sign of pulmonary edema.
Fluid moving from the vascular space to the pulmonary interstitial space is a sign of pulmonary edema.
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What is a potential consequence of excessive diuretic use in heart failure patients?
What is a potential consequence of excessive diuretic use in heart failure patients?
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Increased serum ________ can contribute to cardiovascular disease.
Increased serum ________ can contribute to cardiovascular disease.
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What is one of the signs of left heart failure?
What is one of the signs of left heart failure?
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Which condition is primarily prevented and treated by beta2 adrenergic agonists?
Which condition is primarily prevented and treated by beta2 adrenergic agonists?
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Anticholinergics are contraindicated for patients with a history of glaucoma.
Anticholinergics are contraindicated for patients with a history of glaucoma.
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What is a common side effect of chronic use of corticosteroids?
What is a common side effect of chronic use of corticosteroids?
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The use of beta2 adrenergic agonists can lead to increased levels of __________ in the body.
The use of beta2 adrenergic agonists can lead to increased levels of __________ in the body.
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Match the following drug classes with their corresponding side effects:
Match the following drug classes with their corresponding side effects:
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Which of the following is a precaution when using xanthines?
Which of the following is a precaution when using xanthines?
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All patients with allergies can use corticosteroids without any concerns.
All patients with allergies can use corticosteroids without any concerns.
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What should be monitored due to potential cardiovascular side effects of beta2 adrenergic agonists?
What should be monitored due to potential cardiovascular side effects of beta2 adrenergic agonists?
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C/I for anticholinergics includes __________, which can exacerbate the condition.
C/I for anticholinergics includes __________, which can exacerbate the condition.
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Which side effect is specifically associated with xanthines?
Which side effect is specifically associated with xanthines?
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Study Notes
Test 1
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the second leading cause of death in Canada, affecting 27.5% of all deaths.
- Minority groups, lower socioeconomic statuses, South Asians, and Indigenous peoples are at higher risk, often due to co-existing conditions like diabetes.
- Modifiable risk factors for CAD include hypertension, tobacco use, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes.
- Unmodifiable risk factors for CAD include advanced age, sex, ethnicity, and family history.
- Health promotion activities for CAD control & prevention include identifying people at risk, screening, lifestyle modifications, and education regarding diet and exercise.
- Signs and symptoms of CAD, angina, and acute coronary syndrome (STEMI & NSTEMI) vary, but common complaints include chest pressure or pain, radiating pain, shortness of breath, and diaphoresis.
- Diagnostic tests for CAD include physical examinations, chest X-rays, electrocardiograms (ECG), including Holter monitoring, blood tests (lipid profiles), and coronary angiography.
- Pharmacological treatments for angina and myocardial infarction (MI) include nitrates, antiplatelets (aspirin), beta-blockers, and ACE inhibitors.
- Surgical interventions for CAD and MI include percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stenting and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
- Common nursing diagnoses for acute and rehabilitation phases after angina or MI include activity intolerance, anxiety, and acute/chronic pain.
- Acute phase nursing interventions include rest, oxygen administration, and ECG monitoring.
- Rehabilitation interventions focus on pain & anxiety management and progress in activities of daily living (ADLs), increasing physical activity.
Test 2
- Anemia is a deficiency in the number of red blood cells (RBCs) or the amount of hemoglobin (Hb), leading to insufficient oxygen delivery to tissues.
- Different types of anemia include those caused by decreased RBC production, increased RBC destruction, or blood loss.
- Chronic diseases can cause anemia via inflammatory processes, malnutrition, or decreased erythropoietin production.
- Diagnostic measures for different types of anemia include blood tests (CBC, iron studies, B12, folate), bone marrow biopsy, and special tests for detecting abnormal or premature red blood cell destruction.
- Nursing assessments and management for anemia focus on identifying the underlying cause, providing appropriate nutrition, and managing symptoms.
- Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is distinct from other anemias in its etiology (lack of iron absorption or loss), incidence (common), signs (fatigue, pallor), and treatment strategies (iron supplementation, diet changes).
Test 3
- Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly prevalent and sometimes airborne infectious respiratory disease, caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Risk factors for TB include living in overcrowded conditions, poor sanitation, malnutrition, immune deficiencies, and contact with infected individuals (especially via aerosol droplets).
- COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) is caused by SARS-CoV-2,
- Influenza is a viral respiratory tract infection caused by influenza viruses A & B, mainly affecting the upper and lower respiratory system.
- Risk factors for influenza include age, underlying health conditions, and close contact with infected persons.
Additional
- Various types of shock (hypovolemic, cardiogenic, septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic) exist and are characterized by inadequate tissue perfusion, resulting in cellular dysfunction and potential organ damage.
- Clinical manifestations of shock include decreased blood pressure, rapid heart rate, altered mental status, and abnormal body temperature.
- Sepsis is a life-threatening condition associated with severe systemic inflammation resulting from an infection.
- Appropriate supportive care and prevention measures are necessary for all respiratory illnesses and infections.
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Description
Test your knowledge on cardiovascular diseases like CAD and respiratory conditions such as COPD. This quiz covers risk factors, management strategies, and relevant treatments. Challenge yourself with questions about heart failure, diabetes management, and more.
