Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary complication associated with coronary artery disease (CAD)?
What is the primary complication associated with coronary artery disease (CAD)?
Which condition is characterized by hardening of the arteries due to thickening of their walls?
Which condition is characterized by hardening of the arteries due to thickening of their walls?
What is a major modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease?
What is a major modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease?
Which of the following strategies can help improve arterial circulation in patients with CAD?
Which of the following strategies can help improve arterial circulation in patients with CAD?
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Which term describes the abnormal buildup of lipids and fibrous tissue within coronary arteries?
Which term describes the abnormal buildup of lipids and fibrous tissue within coronary arteries?
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What indirect result of arterial atherosclerosis may affect multiple organs?
What indirect result of arterial atherosclerosis may affect multiple organs?
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Which medication is commonly used to treat symptoms of coronary artery disease?
Which medication is commonly used to treat symptoms of coronary artery disease?
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Which of the following is not considered a direct symptom of myocardial ischemia?
Which of the following is not considered a direct symptom of myocardial ischemia?
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What is a common complication associated with reduced blood flow to the myocardium due to coronary atherosclerosis?
What is a common complication associated with reduced blood flow to the myocardium due to coronary atherosclerosis?
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Which process is primarily responsible for the narrowing of the coronary vessels?
Which process is primarily responsible for the narrowing of the coronary vessels?
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Which of the following factors does NOT represent a modifiable risk factor for CAD?
Which of the following factors does NOT represent a modifiable risk factor for CAD?
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Which lifestyle modification can directly contribute to improving arterial circulation?
Which lifestyle modification can directly contribute to improving arterial circulation?
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Which medication is typically prescribed to manage CAD symptoms?
Which medication is typically prescribed to manage CAD symptoms?
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What is often a result of prolonged myocardial ischemia?
What is often a result of prolonged myocardial ischemia?
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Which characteristic is NOT descriptive of arterial atherosclerosis?
Which characteristic is NOT descriptive of arterial atherosclerosis?
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What indirect effect can atherosclerosis have on the body?
What indirect effect can atherosclerosis have on the body?
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Which of the following dietary practices is encouraged for patients with CAD?
Which of the following dietary practices is encouraged for patients with CAD?
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Which activity should be consulted with a primary health care provider before practice for CAD patients?
Which activity should be consulted with a primary health care provider before practice for CAD patients?
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Study Notes
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- Most common form of heart disease
- Blockages in coronary arteries: caused by atherosclerosis & arteriosclerosis
- Arteriosclerosis: hardening of arteries, thickening of small arteries and arterioles
- Atherosclerosis: accumulation of lipids, calcium, and blood components in large and medium sized arteries
- Both usually present together
Atherosclerosis
- Abnormal accumulation of lipid deposits and fibrous tissue in arterial walls and lumen
- Blockages and narrowing of coronary vessels impede blood flow to the myocardium
Prevalence
- Leading cause of death in Canada
- Most prevalent cardiovascular disease in adults
Clinical Manifestations
- Caused by myocardial ischemia
- Vary based on the location and degree of vessel obstruction
- Symptoms and complications:
- Angina pectoris
- Myocardial infarction
- Heart failure
- Sudden cardiac death
Risk Factors
- Four modifiable risk factors:
- Cholesterol abnormalities
- Tobacco use
- Hypertension
- Diabetes mellitus
Improving Arterial Circulation
- Exercise
- Walking and graded isometric exercises
- Consult primary health care provider before starting
- Temperature: effects of heat and cold
- Smoking cessation
- Stress reduction
- Good nutrition, low-fat diet
- Weight reduction as needed
Medical Management
- Prevention
- Exercise program
- Medications
- Pentoxifylline (Trental) and cilostazol (Pletal)
- Antiplatelet agents
- Surgical management
Indirect Results of Arterial Atherosclerosis
- Malnutrition:
- Fibrosis of organs supplied by sclerotic arteries
- other indirect results:
- Aneurysm
- Ulceration
- Stenosis of lumen
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- Most common heart disease
- Occurs when arteries in the heart become blocked
- Can result in:
- Angina
- Myocardial infarction (MI)
- Blockage caused by:
- Atherosclerosis
- Arteriosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis
- Hardening of the arteries
- Affects small arteries and arterioles
- Muscles fibers and endothelial lining of the artery walls thicken
Atherosclerosis
- Affects large and medium-sized arteries
- Accumulation of lipids, calcium, and blood components on the intimal layer of the artery
### Coronary Atherosclerosis
- Abnormal accumulation of lipid deposits and fibrous tissue in arterial walls and lumen
- Narrowing and blockage of coronary vessels reduce blood flow to the myocardium
### Clinical Manifestations of CAD
- Symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia
- Location and degree of vessel obstruction determine symptoms and complications
- Symptoms and complications include:
- Angina pectoris
- Myocardial infarction
- Heart failure
- Sudden cardiac death
### Risk Factors for CAD
- Cholesterol abnormalities
- Tobacco use
- Hypertension
- Diabetes mellitus
### Improving Arterial Circulation
- Exercise and activities:
- Walking
- Graded isometric exercises
- Consult a primary health care provider before prescribing an exercise routine
- Temperature:
- Effects of heat and cold
- Smoking cessation
- Stress reduction
- Good nutrition:
- Low-fat diet
- Weight reduction as necessary
### Indirect Results of Arterial Atherosclerosis
- Malnutrition
- Fibrosis of organs supplied by sclerotic arteries
### Medical Management of CAD
- Prevention
- Exercise program
- Medications:
- Pentoxifylline (Trental) and cilostazol (Pletal)
- Antiplatelet agents
- Surgical management
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Description
Explore the critical aspects of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), including its causes, clinical manifestations, and major risk factors. This quiz delves into the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis, detailing how these conditions lead to serious health complications. Test your knowledge on the prevalence and impact of CAD in Canada and beyond.
