Cardiovascular Anatomy and Pathologies Quiz

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What happens to ventricular pressure during late diastole?

Ventricular pressure rises slightly during inflow of blood from atrial contraction (correct)

Ventricular pressure falls further to below 5 mm Hg

Ventricular pressure increases significantly

Ventricular pressure remains constant

Which valve is open during systole to allow ejection of blood from the left ventricle?

Aortic valve (correct)

Pulmonic valve

Mitral valve

Tricuspid valve

Which valve is closed during diastole to prevent regurgitation of blood from the aorta back into the left ventricle?

Aortic valve (correct)

Pulmonic valve

Mitral valve

Tricuspid valve

What happens to the pulmonic valve and tricuspid valve during systole?

The pulmonic valve opens and the tricuspid valve closes Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pulmonic valve and tricuspid valve during diastole?

The pulmonic valve closes and the tricuspid valve opens Signup and view all the answers

What is fundamental to understanding heart sounds?

Understanding the pressure gradients in the left heart Signup and view all the answers

Which cardiac valves are open during diastole according to the passage?

Mitral and tricuspid valves Signup and view all the answers

What does the passage state about S3 and S4 heart sounds in adults over 40 years old?

They are pathologic and correlated with heart failure and myocardial ischemia Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what does an S3 heart sound correspond to?

Abrupt deceleration of inflow across the mitral valve Signup and view all the answers

What does the passage state about the left ventricular pressure curve during systole?

It rises from less than 5 mmHg to a normal peak of 120 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the heart according to the passage?

To generate varying pressures as its chambers contract and relax Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the aortic and pulmonic valves during diastole according to the passage?

They are closed to prevent backflow Signup and view all the answers

What condition can lead to displacement of the PMI lateral to the midclavicular line?

Myocardial infarction Signup and view all the answers

Where does the aorta curve upward from the left ventricle?

To the level of the sternal angle Signup and view all the answers

What are the aortic and pulmonic valves also known as?

Semilunar valves Signup and view all the answers

What causes the heart sounds of S1 and S2?

Vibrations from valve leaflets Signup and view all the answers

Where do the superior and inferior venae cavae channel venous blood into?

Right atrium Signup and view all the answers

Which condition could lead to displacement of the PMI >10 cm lateral to the midsternal line?

Ventricular dilatation from MI Signup and view all the answers

What does the fourth heart sound, S4, mark?

Atrial contraction Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely reason that right-sided cardiac events usually occur slightly later than those on the left?

Right ventricular and pulmonary arterial pressures are significantly lower than corresponding pressures on the left side. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the S3 heart sound?

It indicates rapid ventricular filling. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the S2 heart sound?

It signifies closure of the aortic valve and the pulmonic valve. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the S1 heart sound?

It represents the beginning of ventricular systole. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the S4 heart sound?

It marks atrial contraction and can reflect a pathologic change in ventricular compliance. Signup and view all the answers

Which valve opens during systole, allowing blood to be ejected from the left ventricle?

Aortic valve Signup and view all the answers

When does the second heart sound (S2) occur?

When the aortic valve closes Signup and view all the answers

What event is usually silent but may produce an opening snap (OS) sound in certain pathological conditions?

Opening of the mitral valve Signup and view all the answers

When does the third heart sound (S3) occur in children and young adults?

During rapid ventricular filling Signup and view all the answers

In older adults, what does the presence of a third heart sound (S3 gallop) usually indicate?

Pathologic change in ventricular compliance Signup and view all the answers

Which valve opens during diastole, allowing blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle?

Mitral valve Signup and view all the answers