Podcast
Questions and Answers
The heart is a cone-shaped muscular organ located within the what?
The heart is a cone-shaped muscular organ located within the what?
Thorax
It's apex rests on the ______, and its base is at the level of the ______ rib.
It's apex rests on the ______, and its base is at the level of the ______ rib.
Diaphragm; second
The coronary arteries that nourish the myocardium arise from the what?
The coronary arteries that nourish the myocardium arise from the what?
Aorta
The coronary sinus empties into the _______.
The coronary sinus empties into the _______.
Signup and view all the answers
Relative to the roles of the heart chambers, the _____ are receiving chambers.
Relative to the roles of the heart chambers, the _____ are receiving chambers.
Signup and view all the answers
The atria are receiving chambers, whereas the ______ are discharging chambers.
The atria are receiving chambers, whereas the ______ are discharging chambers.
Signup and view all the answers
The membrane that lines the heart and also forms the valve flaps is called the what?
The membrane that lines the heart and also forms the valve flaps is called the what?
Signup and view all the answers
The outermost layer of the heart is called the what?
The outermost layer of the heart is called the what?
Signup and view all the answers
The fluid that fills the pericardial sac acts to decrease ______ during heart activity.
The fluid that fills the pericardial sac acts to decrease ______ during heart activity.
Signup and view all the answers
The heart muscle, or myocardium, is composed of a specialized type of muscle tissue called ______.
The heart muscle, or myocardium, is composed of a specialized type of muscle tissue called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The contraction of the ventricles is referred to as ______.
The contraction of the ventricles is referred to as ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The period of ventricular relaxation is called what?
The period of ventricular relaxation is called what?
Signup and view all the answers
The monosyllables describing heart sounds during the cardiac cycle are _____.
The monosyllables describing heart sounds during the cardiac cycle are _____.
Signup and view all the answers
The first heart sound is a result of the closure of what valves?
The first heart sound is a result of the closure of what valves?
Signup and view all the answers
Closure of the __________ valves cause the second heart sound.
Closure of the __________ valves cause the second heart sound.
Signup and view all the answers
The heart chambers that have just been filled when you hear the first heart sound are the ______, the chambers that have just emptied are the ______.
The heart chambers that have just been filled when you hear the first heart sound are the ______, the chambers that have just emptied are the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Immediately after the second heart sound, the ______ are filling with blood, and the _______ are empty.
Immediately after the second heart sound, the ______ are filling with blood, and the _______ are empty.
Signup and view all the answers
Abnormal heart sounds, or _____, usually indicate valve problems.
Abnormal heart sounds, or _____, usually indicate valve problems.
Signup and view all the answers
A recording of the electrical activity of the heart is called an ______.
A recording of the electrical activity of the heart is called an ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The period during which the atria are depolarizing is known as the _____ wave.
The period during which the atria are depolarizing is known as the _____ wave.
Signup and view all the answers
The period during which the ventricles are repolarizing is called the _____ wave.
The period during which the ventricles are repolarizing is called the _____ wave.
Signup and view all the answers
The period during which the ventricles are depolarizing, which precedes their contraction, is referred to as the _____ wave.
The period during which the ventricles are depolarizing, which precedes their contraction, is referred to as the _____ wave.
Signup and view all the answers
An abnormally slow heartbeat, that is, below 60 bpm is called ______.
An abnormally slow heartbeat, that is, below 60 bpm is called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
A condition in which the heart is uncoordinated and useless as a pump is called ______.
A condition in which the heart is uncoordinated and useless as a pump is called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
An abnormally rapid heartbeat, that is over 100 bpm is called ______.
An abnormally rapid heartbeat, that is over 100 bpm is called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Damage to the AV node, totally or partially releasing the ventricles from the control of the sinoatrial (SA) node is referred to as ______.
Damage to the AV node, totally or partially releasing the ventricles from the control of the sinoatrial (SA) node is referred to as ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Chest pain resulting from ischemia of the myocardium is referred to as ______.
Chest pain resulting from ischemia of the myocardium is referred to as ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Which term doesn't belong: a.Pulmonary trunk b.Vena Cava c.Right side of the heart d.Left side of the heart
Which term doesn't belong: a.Pulmonary trunk b.Vena Cava c.Right side of the heart d.Left side of the heart
Signup and view all the answers
Which term doesn't belong: a.QRS wave b.T wave c.P wave d.Electrical activity of the ventricles
Which term doesn't belong: a.QRS wave b.T wave c.P wave d.Electrical activity of the ventricles
Signup and view all the answers
Which term doesn't belong: a.AV valves closed b.AV valves opened c.Ventricular systole d.Semi-lunar valves open
Which term doesn't belong: a.AV valves closed b.AV valves opened c.Ventricular systole d.Semi-lunar valves open
Signup and view all the answers
Which term doesn't belong: a.Papillary muscles b.Aortic semilunar valve c.Tricuspid valve d.Chordae tendineae
Which term doesn't belong: a.Papillary muscles b.Aortic semilunar valve c.Tricuspid valve d.Chordae tendineae
Signup and view all the answers
Which term doesn't belong: a.Tricuspid valve b.Mitral valve c.Bicuspid valve d.Left AV valve
Which term doesn't belong: a.Tricuspid valve b.Mitral valve c.Bicuspid valve d.Left AV valve
Signup and view all the answers
Which term doesn't belong: a.Ischemia b.Infarct c.Scar tissue repair d.Heart block
Which term doesn't belong: a.Ischemia b.Infarct c.Scar tissue repair d.Heart block
Signup and view all the answers
Why are valves present in veins but not arteries?
Why are valves present in veins but not arteries?
Signup and view all the answers
Single thin layer of the endothelium is called ______.
Single thin layer of the endothelium is called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Bulky middle coat, containing smooth muscle and elastin is called ______.
Bulky middle coat, containing smooth muscle and elastin is called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Provides a smooth surface to decrease resistance to blood flow is called ______.
Provides a smooth surface to decrease resistance to blood flow is called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The only tunic of capillaries is called ______.
The only tunic of capillaries is called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Also called the adventitia is ______.
Also called the adventitia is ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The only tunic that plays an active role in blood pressure regulation is the ______.
The only tunic that plays an active role in blood pressure regulation is the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Supporting, protective coat is referred to as ______.
Supporting, protective coat is referred to as ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Expansion and recoil of an artery during heart activity is called ______.
Expansion and recoil of an artery during heart activity is called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls is known as ______.
Pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls is known as ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Factors related to blood pressure include ______.
Factors related to blood pressure include ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Event primarily responsible for peripheral resistance is ______.
Event primarily responsible for peripheral resistance is ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Blood pressure during heart contraction is called ______.
Blood pressure during heart contraction is called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Blood pressure during heart relaxation is called ______.
Blood pressure during heart relaxation is called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Site where blood pressure determinations are normally made is at ______.
Site where blood pressure determinations are normally made is at ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Points at the body surface where the pulse may be felt are called ______.
Points at the body surface where the pulse may be felt are called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Sounds heard over a blood vessel when the vessel is partially compressed are called ______.
Sounds heard over a blood vessel when the vessel is partially compressed are called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Increased diameter of the arterioles will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Increased diameter of the arterioles will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Signup and view all the answers
Increased blood viscosity will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Increased blood viscosity will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Signup and view all the answers
Increased cardiac output will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Increased cardiac output will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Signup and view all the answers
Increased pulse rate will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Increased pulse rate will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Signup and view all the answers
Anxiety and fear will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Anxiety and fear will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Signup and view all the answers
Increased urine output will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Increased urine output will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Signup and view all the answers
Sudden change in position from reclining to standing will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Sudden change in position from reclining to standing will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Signup and view all the answers
Physical exercise will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Physical exercise will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Signup and view all the answers
Physical training will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Physical training will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Signup and view all the answers
Alcohol consumption will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Alcohol consumption will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Signup and view all the answers
Hemorrhage will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Hemorrhage will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Signup and view all the answers
Nicotine will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Nicotine will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Signup and view all the answers
Arteriosclerosis will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Arteriosclerosis will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Signup and view all the answers
Tell the order in which blood flows through the heart.
Tell the order in which blood flows through the heart.
Signup and view all the answers
Students frequently have the incorrect notion that arteries carry only blood that holds oxygen, while veins carry blood bearing only carbon dioxide. Why is this not a valid generalization?
Students frequently have the incorrect notion that arteries carry only blood that holds oxygen, while veins carry blood bearing only carbon dioxide. Why is this not a valid generalization?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is a larger, stronger pump needed on the left side of the heart?
Why is a larger, stronger pump needed on the left side of the heart?
Signup and view all the answers
Explain the functional necessity of the atrioventricular valves.
Explain the functional necessity of the atrioventricular valves.
Signup and view all the answers
Explain the functional necessity of the semi-lunar valves.
Explain the functional necessity of the semi-lunar valves.
Signup and view all the answers
What produces heart sounds one and two?
What produces heart sounds one and two?
Signup and view all the answers
Why are unusual heart sounds significant?
Why are unusual heart sounds significant?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is simultaneous contraction functionally important?
Why is simultaneous contraction functionally important?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it unlikely for heart sounds and pulse to not be detected simultaneously?
Why is it unlikely for heart sounds and pulse to not be detected simultaneously?
Signup and view all the answers
Arteries are often thick walled and veins are often more thin walled. What general shape seems to result from this difference in wall structure?
Arteries are often thick walled and veins are often more thin walled. What general shape seems to result from this difference in wall structure?
Signup and view all the answers
Why do arteries have heavy walls while veins can function with thin walls?
Why do arteries have heavy walls while veins can function with thin walls?
Signup and view all the answers
How would a capillary compare to an artery or vein in diameter?
How would a capillary compare to an artery or vein in diameter?
Signup and view all the answers
How would a capillary compare to an artery or vein in thickness of the wall?
How would a capillary compare to an artery or vein in thickness of the wall?
Signup and view all the answers
How are the dimensions of arteries, veins, and capillaries functionally important?
How are the dimensions of arteries, veins, and capillaries functionally important?
Signup and view all the answers
Blood vessels springing back when under pressure is due to their ______ tissue.
Blood vessels springing back when under pressure is due to their ______ tissue.
Signup and view all the answers
________ is responsible for the smooth, uninterrupted flow of blood through the vessels.
________ is responsible for the smooth, uninterrupted flow of blood through the vessels.
Signup and view all the answers
Stopping the flow of blood to certain organs at times is caused by the _________ tissue.
Stopping the flow of blood to certain organs at times is caused by the _________ tissue.
Signup and view all the answers
Why is vein structure needed?
Why is vein structure needed?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it that veins need valves but arteries do not?
Why is it that veins need valves but arteries do not?
Signup and view all the answers
Why do veins bulge when the hand is in this position?
Why do veins bulge when the hand is in this position?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to the veins when you make a fist and why?
What happens to the veins when you make a fist and why?
Signup and view all the answers
Why does the vein pattern change when your hand is raised above your head?
Why does the vein pattern change when your hand is raised above your head?
Signup and view all the answers
What does stretching accomplish when waking?
What does stretching accomplish when waking?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it a good practice to stretch before arising?
Why is it a good practice to stretch before arising?
Signup and view all the answers
Explain the discomfort/pain experienced when a limb is not elevated following surgery.
Explain the discomfort/pain experienced when a limb is not elevated following surgery.
Signup and view all the answers
Why do you feel more comfortable when shifting your position after sitting for long periods?
Why do you feel more comfortable when shifting your position after sitting for long periods?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is the volume of blood in veins greater than in other circulatory parts?
Why is the volume of blood in veins greater than in other circulatory parts?
Signup and view all the answers
How do you examine ventricular rhythms?
How do you examine ventricular rhythms?
Signup and view all the answers
Represents atrial depolarization.
Represents atrial depolarization.
Signup and view all the answers
Represents AV conduction time.
Represents AV conduction time.
Signup and view all the answers
Represents ventricular depolarization.
Represents ventricular depolarization.
Signup and view all the answers
Represents repolarization of the ventricles.
Represents repolarization of the ventricles.
Signup and view all the answers
Represents the time of ventricular activity including both depolarization and repolarization.
Represents the time of ventricular activity including both depolarization and repolarization.
Signup and view all the answers
Represents the early part of ventricular repolarization.
Represents the early part of ventricular repolarization.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Heart Anatomy and Function
- The heart is a cone-shaped muscular organ located in the thorax.
- Its apex rests on the diaphragm and its base is at the level of the second rib.
- Coronary arteries originate from the aorta to nourish the myocardium.
- The coronary sinus empties into the right atrium.
- Atria serve as receiving chambers while ventricles are discharging chambers.
- The endocardium lines the heart and forms the valve flaps.
- The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart.
- The pericardial sac is filled with fluid that reduces friction during heart activity.
Cardiac Cycle
- Systole is the contraction of the ventricles; diastole is their relaxation.
- Heart sounds are represented by "lub-dup":
- The first sound results from the closure of atrioventricular valves.
- The second sound comes from the closure of semilunar valves.
- Abnormal heart sounds (murmurs) usually indicate valve issues.
Electrical Activity of the Heart
- An electrocardiogram (ECG) records the heart's electrical activity.
- P wave represents atrial depolarization.
- QRS wave reflects ventricular depolarization.
- T wave signifies ventricular repolarization.
- Heart block is characterized by damage to the AV node affecting ventricle control.
Blood Pressure and Flow
- Blood pressure is determined by factors such as cardiac output and peripheral resistance.
- Systolic pressure occurs during heart contraction, while diastolic pressure occurs during relaxation.
- Arteries, having thick walls, experience greater pressure than veins, which have thin walls.
- Capillaries, being the smallest vessels, have walls featuring only the tunica intima.
Vessel Structure and Function
- Tunica intima is a thin layer lining the blood vessels, while tunica media is the muscular layer responsible for blood pressure regulation.
- Tunica externa (adventitia) provides structural support.
- Veins possess valves to prevent backflow, essential due to lower pressure.
- Arteries maintain a circular shape due to their thicker walls.
Circulatory Dynamics
- Blood flows sequentially from the vena cava to the aorta through the heart’s chambers and valves.
- Volume comparison shows that veins hold the largest blood volume at any moment.
- Pushing blood back toward the heart is assisted by muscle and epithelial tissue dynamics.
Heart Health Considerations
- Conscious movements, such as stretching or adjusting position, enhance circulation.
- Elevated limbs post-surgery can alleviate discomfort by preventing excessive blood pooling.
- Consistent blood flow is crucial to overall health, emphasizing the need for effective circulation in all body positions.
Cardiac Rhythm Assessments
- Ventricular rhythms are analyzed through R intervals on an ECG strip, ensuring effective heart function.
- The QT interval encapsulates both depolarization and repolarization phases in the ventricles.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of the cardiovascular system with these anatomy flashcards from Chapter 11. Each card focuses on key terms and definitions related to the heart's structure and functions. Perfect for students studying anatomy or preparing for exams.