Podcast
Questions and Answers
The heart is a cone-shaped muscular organ located within the what?
The heart is a cone-shaped muscular organ located within the what?
Thorax
It's apex rests on the ______, and its base is at the level of the ______ rib.
It's apex rests on the ______, and its base is at the level of the ______ rib.
Diaphragm; second
The coronary arteries that nourish the myocardium arise from the what?
The coronary arteries that nourish the myocardium arise from the what?
Aorta
The coronary sinus empties into the _______.
The coronary sinus empties into the _______.
Relative to the roles of the heart chambers, the _____ are receiving chambers.
Relative to the roles of the heart chambers, the _____ are receiving chambers.
The atria are receiving chambers, whereas the ______ are discharging chambers.
The atria are receiving chambers, whereas the ______ are discharging chambers.
The membrane that lines the heart and also forms the valve flaps is called the what?
The membrane that lines the heart and also forms the valve flaps is called the what?
The outermost layer of the heart is called the what?
The outermost layer of the heart is called the what?
The fluid that fills the pericardial sac acts to decrease ______ during heart activity.
The fluid that fills the pericardial sac acts to decrease ______ during heart activity.
The heart muscle, or myocardium, is composed of a specialized type of muscle tissue called ______.
The heart muscle, or myocardium, is composed of a specialized type of muscle tissue called ______.
The contraction of the ventricles is referred to as ______.
The contraction of the ventricles is referred to as ______.
The period of ventricular relaxation is called what?
The period of ventricular relaxation is called what?
The monosyllables describing heart sounds during the cardiac cycle are _____.
The monosyllables describing heart sounds during the cardiac cycle are _____.
The first heart sound is a result of the closure of what valves?
The first heart sound is a result of the closure of what valves?
Closure of the __________ valves cause the second heart sound.
Closure of the __________ valves cause the second heart sound.
The heart chambers that have just been filled when you hear the first heart sound are the ______, the chambers that have just emptied are the ______.
The heart chambers that have just been filled when you hear the first heart sound are the ______, the chambers that have just emptied are the ______.
Immediately after the second heart sound, the ______ are filling with blood, and the _______ are empty.
Immediately after the second heart sound, the ______ are filling with blood, and the _______ are empty.
Abnormal heart sounds, or _____, usually indicate valve problems.
Abnormal heart sounds, or _____, usually indicate valve problems.
A recording of the electrical activity of the heart is called an ______.
A recording of the electrical activity of the heart is called an ______.
The period during which the atria are depolarizing is known as the _____ wave.
The period during which the atria are depolarizing is known as the _____ wave.
The period during which the ventricles are repolarizing is called the _____ wave.
The period during which the ventricles are repolarizing is called the _____ wave.
The period during which the ventricles are depolarizing, which precedes their contraction, is referred to as the _____ wave.
The period during which the ventricles are depolarizing, which precedes their contraction, is referred to as the _____ wave.
An abnormally slow heartbeat, that is, below 60 bpm is called ______.
An abnormally slow heartbeat, that is, below 60 bpm is called ______.
A condition in which the heart is uncoordinated and useless as a pump is called ______.
A condition in which the heart is uncoordinated and useless as a pump is called ______.
An abnormally rapid heartbeat, that is over 100 bpm is called ______.
An abnormally rapid heartbeat, that is over 100 bpm is called ______.
Damage to the AV node, totally or partially releasing the ventricles from the control of the sinoatrial (SA) node is referred to as ______.
Damage to the AV node, totally or partially releasing the ventricles from the control of the sinoatrial (SA) node is referred to as ______.
Chest pain resulting from ischemia of the myocardium is referred to as ______.
Chest pain resulting from ischemia of the myocardium is referred to as ______.
Which term doesn't belong: a.Pulmonary trunk b.Vena Cava c.Right side of the heart d.Left side of the heart
Which term doesn't belong: a.Pulmonary trunk b.Vena Cava c.Right side of the heart d.Left side of the heart
Which term doesn't belong: a.QRS wave b.T wave c.P wave d.Electrical activity of the ventricles
Which term doesn't belong: a.QRS wave b.T wave c.P wave d.Electrical activity of the ventricles
Which term doesn't belong: a.AV valves closed b.AV valves opened c.Ventricular systole d.Semi-lunar valves open
Which term doesn't belong: a.AV valves closed b.AV valves opened c.Ventricular systole d.Semi-lunar valves open
Which term doesn't belong: a.Papillary muscles b.Aortic semilunar valve c.Tricuspid valve d.Chordae tendineae
Which term doesn't belong: a.Papillary muscles b.Aortic semilunar valve c.Tricuspid valve d.Chordae tendineae
Which term doesn't belong: a.Tricuspid valve b.Mitral valve c.Bicuspid valve d.Left AV valve
Which term doesn't belong: a.Tricuspid valve b.Mitral valve c.Bicuspid valve d.Left AV valve
Which term doesn't belong: a.Ischemia b.Infarct c.Scar tissue repair d.Heart block
Which term doesn't belong: a.Ischemia b.Infarct c.Scar tissue repair d.Heart block
Why are valves present in veins but not arteries?
Why are valves present in veins but not arteries?
Single thin layer of the endothelium is called ______.
Single thin layer of the endothelium is called ______.
Bulky middle coat, containing smooth muscle and elastin is called ______.
Bulky middle coat, containing smooth muscle and elastin is called ______.
Provides a smooth surface to decrease resistance to blood flow is called ______.
Provides a smooth surface to decrease resistance to blood flow is called ______.
The only tunic of capillaries is called ______.
The only tunic of capillaries is called ______.
Also called the adventitia is ______.
Also called the adventitia is ______.
The only tunic that plays an active role in blood pressure regulation is the ______.
The only tunic that plays an active role in blood pressure regulation is the ______.
Supporting, protective coat is referred to as ______.
Supporting, protective coat is referred to as ______.
Expansion and recoil of an artery during heart activity is called ______.
Expansion and recoil of an artery during heart activity is called ______.
Pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls is known as ______.
Pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls is known as ______.
Factors related to blood pressure include ______.
Factors related to blood pressure include ______.
Event primarily responsible for peripheral resistance is ______.
Event primarily responsible for peripheral resistance is ______.
Blood pressure during heart contraction is called ______.
Blood pressure during heart contraction is called ______.
Blood pressure during heart relaxation is called ______.
Blood pressure during heart relaxation is called ______.
Site where blood pressure determinations are normally made is at ______.
Site where blood pressure determinations are normally made is at ______.
Points at the body surface where the pulse may be felt are called ______.
Points at the body surface where the pulse may be felt are called ______.
Sounds heard over a blood vessel when the vessel is partially compressed are called ______.
Sounds heard over a blood vessel when the vessel is partially compressed are called ______.
Increased diameter of the arterioles will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Increased diameter of the arterioles will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Increased blood viscosity will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Increased blood viscosity will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Increased cardiac output will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Increased cardiac output will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Increased pulse rate will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Increased pulse rate will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Anxiety and fear will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Anxiety and fear will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Increased urine output will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Increased urine output will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Sudden change in position from reclining to standing will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Sudden change in position from reclining to standing will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Physical exercise will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Physical exercise will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Physical training will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Physical training will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Alcohol consumption will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Alcohol consumption will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Hemorrhage will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Hemorrhage will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Nicotine will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Nicotine will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Arteriosclerosis will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Arteriosclerosis will increase or decrease blood pressure?
Tell the order in which blood flows through the heart.
Tell the order in which blood flows through the heart.
Students frequently have the incorrect notion that arteries carry only blood that holds oxygen, while veins carry blood bearing only carbon dioxide. Why is this not a valid generalization?
Students frequently have the incorrect notion that arteries carry only blood that holds oxygen, while veins carry blood bearing only carbon dioxide. Why is this not a valid generalization?
Why is a larger, stronger pump needed on the left side of the heart?
Why is a larger, stronger pump needed on the left side of the heart?
Explain the functional necessity of the atrioventricular valves.
Explain the functional necessity of the atrioventricular valves.
Explain the functional necessity of the semi-lunar valves.
Explain the functional necessity of the semi-lunar valves.
What produces heart sounds one and two?
What produces heart sounds one and two?
Why are unusual heart sounds significant?
Why are unusual heart sounds significant?
Why is simultaneous contraction functionally important?
Why is simultaneous contraction functionally important?
Why is it unlikely for heart sounds and pulse to not be detected simultaneously?
Why is it unlikely for heart sounds and pulse to not be detected simultaneously?
Arteries are often thick walled and veins are often more thin walled. What general shape seems to result from this difference in wall structure?
Arteries are often thick walled and veins are often more thin walled. What general shape seems to result from this difference in wall structure?
Why do arteries have heavy walls while veins can function with thin walls?
Why do arteries have heavy walls while veins can function with thin walls?
How would a capillary compare to an artery or vein in diameter?
How would a capillary compare to an artery or vein in diameter?
How would a capillary compare to an artery or vein in thickness of the wall?
How would a capillary compare to an artery or vein in thickness of the wall?
How are the dimensions of arteries, veins, and capillaries functionally important?
How are the dimensions of arteries, veins, and capillaries functionally important?
Blood vessels springing back when under pressure is due to their ______ tissue.
Blood vessels springing back when under pressure is due to their ______ tissue.
________ is responsible for the smooth, uninterrupted flow of blood through the vessels.
________ is responsible for the smooth, uninterrupted flow of blood through the vessels.
Stopping the flow of blood to certain organs at times is caused by the _________ tissue.
Stopping the flow of blood to certain organs at times is caused by the _________ tissue.
Why is vein structure needed?
Why is vein structure needed?
Why is it that veins need valves but arteries do not?
Why is it that veins need valves but arteries do not?
Why do veins bulge when the hand is in this position?
Why do veins bulge when the hand is in this position?
What happens to the veins when you make a fist and why?
What happens to the veins when you make a fist and why?
Why does the vein pattern change when your hand is raised above your head?
Why does the vein pattern change when your hand is raised above your head?
What does stretching accomplish when waking?
What does stretching accomplish when waking?
Why is it a good practice to stretch before arising?
Why is it a good practice to stretch before arising?
Explain the discomfort/pain experienced when a limb is not elevated following surgery.
Explain the discomfort/pain experienced when a limb is not elevated following surgery.
Why do you feel more comfortable when shifting your position after sitting for long periods?
Why do you feel more comfortable when shifting your position after sitting for long periods?
Why is the volume of blood in veins greater than in other circulatory parts?
Why is the volume of blood in veins greater than in other circulatory parts?
How do you examine ventricular rhythms?
How do you examine ventricular rhythms?
Represents atrial depolarization.
Represents atrial depolarization.
Represents AV conduction time.
Represents AV conduction time.
Represents ventricular depolarization.
Represents ventricular depolarization.
Represents repolarization of the ventricles.
Represents repolarization of the ventricles.
Represents the time of ventricular activity including both depolarization and repolarization.
Represents the time of ventricular activity including both depolarization and repolarization.
Represents the early part of ventricular repolarization.
Represents the early part of ventricular repolarization.
Study Notes
Heart Anatomy and Function
- The heart is a cone-shaped muscular organ located in the thorax.
- Its apex rests on the diaphragm and its base is at the level of the second rib.
- Coronary arteries originate from the aorta to nourish the myocardium.
- The coronary sinus empties into the right atrium.
- Atria serve as receiving chambers while ventricles are discharging chambers.
- The endocardium lines the heart and forms the valve flaps.
- The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart.
- The pericardial sac is filled with fluid that reduces friction during heart activity.
Cardiac Cycle
- Systole is the contraction of the ventricles; diastole is their relaxation.
- Heart sounds are represented by "lub-dup":
- The first sound results from the closure of atrioventricular valves.
- The second sound comes from the closure of semilunar valves.
- Abnormal heart sounds (murmurs) usually indicate valve issues.
Electrical Activity of the Heart
- An electrocardiogram (ECG) records the heart's electrical activity.
- P wave represents atrial depolarization.
- QRS wave reflects ventricular depolarization.
- T wave signifies ventricular repolarization.
- Heart block is characterized by damage to the AV node affecting ventricle control.
Blood Pressure and Flow
- Blood pressure is determined by factors such as cardiac output and peripheral resistance.
- Systolic pressure occurs during heart contraction, while diastolic pressure occurs during relaxation.
- Arteries, having thick walls, experience greater pressure than veins, which have thin walls.
- Capillaries, being the smallest vessels, have walls featuring only the tunica intima.
Vessel Structure and Function
- Tunica intima is a thin layer lining the blood vessels, while tunica media is the muscular layer responsible for blood pressure regulation.
- Tunica externa (adventitia) provides structural support.
- Veins possess valves to prevent backflow, essential due to lower pressure.
- Arteries maintain a circular shape due to their thicker walls.
Circulatory Dynamics
- Blood flows sequentially from the vena cava to the aorta through the heart’s chambers and valves.
- Volume comparison shows that veins hold the largest blood volume at any moment.
- Pushing blood back toward the heart is assisted by muscle and epithelial tissue dynamics.
Heart Health Considerations
- Conscious movements, such as stretching or adjusting position, enhance circulation.
- Elevated limbs post-surgery can alleviate discomfort by preventing excessive blood pooling.
- Consistent blood flow is crucial to overall health, emphasizing the need for effective circulation in all body positions.
Cardiac Rhythm Assessments
- Ventricular rhythms are analyzed through R intervals on an ECG strip, ensuring effective heart function.
- The QT interval encapsulates both depolarization and repolarization phases in the ventricles.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of the cardiovascular system with these anatomy flashcards from Chapter 11. Each card focuses on key terms and definitions related to the heart's structure and functions. Perfect for students studying anatomy or preparing for exams.
