30 Questions
Which type of leukocyte is the smallest?
Lymphocytes
What is the principle function of neutrophils?
Phagocytosis
What is the role of prothrombin in blood clotting?
Prothrombin activates thrombin
Which type of white blood cell is responsible for antibody mediated immunity?
B cells
Where do B cells originate and mature?
Red bone marrow
Which type of T cell directly attacks infected cells?
Killer T cells
What is the function of lymph nodes?
Defence and hematopoiesis
Which layer of the blood vessel is responsible for constricting or dilating the vessels, thereby changing resistance to flow?
Tunica media
Which of the following factors affects cardiac output?
Both stroke volume and heart rate
What does the P wave represent in an ECG?
Atrial depolarization (contraction)
What is the purpose of the hepatic portal vein?
To filter the blood from the digestive system
Which protein is the most abundant circulating protein found in the plasma?
Albumin
Which cells play an important role in reducing bleeding from injured vessels?
Platelets
What are the two major events that make up the cardiac cycle?
Systole and diastole
What is the outermost layer of the heart wall called?
Epicardium
Which type of leukocyte is the largest?
Monocytes
What is the function of basophils in the process of inflammation?
Release histamine and heparin
What is the role of thrombin in blood clotting?
Converts fibrinogen into fibrin
Which protein is responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the plasma?
Albumin
What is the role of platelets in hemostasis?
Reducing bleeding from injured vessels
Which phase of the cardiac cycle is characterized by the closure of the SL valves and the reopening of the AV valves?
Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
What is the outermost layer of the heart wall called?
Epicardium
Which lymphocytes are responsible for antibody mediated immunity?
B cells
Where do T cells mature?
Thymus
What is the function of lymph nodes?
To filter lymph
What is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?
Innate immunity is the immunity one is born with, while adaptive immunity is acquired.
Which of the following factors affects peripheral resistance?
Blood viscosity
What is the purpose of the trabeculae carnae in the heart?
To add force to the contraction of the heart wall
Which of the following waves in an ECG represents ventricular repolarization?
T wave
What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?
Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate
Study Notes
Leukocytes
- The smallest type of leukocyte is the neutrophil.
- The largest type of leukocyte is the monocyte.
Neutrophils
- The principle function of neutrophils is phagocytosis.
Blood Clotting
- Prothrombin plays a role in blood clotting by converting to thrombin, which converts fibrinogen to fibrin, forming a blood clot.
- Thrombin is responsible for converting fibrinogen to fibrin in blood clotting.
Immunity
- B cells are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity.
- B cells originate and mature in the bone marrow.
T Cells
- Cytotoxic T cells directly attack infected cells.
- T cells mature in the thymus.
Blood Vessels
- The tunica media layer of blood vessels is responsible for constricting or dilating the vessels, changing resistance to flow.
Cardiac Output
- Cardiac output is affected by factors such as heart rate, stroke volume, and blood pressure.
ECG
- The P wave in an ECG represents atrial depolarization.
Hepatic Portal Vein
- The purpose of the hepatic portal vein is to carry nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver.
Plasma Proteins
- Albumin is the most abundant circulating protein found in the plasma.
- Albumin is responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the plasma.
Hemostasis
- Platelets play an important role in hemostasis by forming a platelet plug to stop bleeding.
- Endothelial cells play an important role in reducing bleeding from injured vessels.
Cardiac Cycle
- The two major events that make up the cardiac cycle are diastole and systole.
- The diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle is characterized by the closure of the SL valves and the reopening of the AV valves.
Heart Wall
- The outermost layer of the heart wall is called the epicardium.
Basophils
- The function of basophils in the process of inflammation is to release histamine, leading to increased blood flow and permeability.
Lymph Nodes
- The function of lymph nodes is to filter lymph and trap pathogens, activating immune responses.
Lymphocytes
- B cells and T cells are types of lymphocytes.
Innate and Adaptive Immunity
- Innate immunity is a non-specific defense against pathogens, while adaptive immunity is a specific defense against pathogens.
Peripheral Resistance
- Peripheral resistance is affected by factors such as blood vessel radius, blood viscosity, and overall peripheral vascular resistance.
Heart Structure
- The trabeculae carnae are muscle fibers in the heart that help to increase the surface area for contraction.
ECG Waves
- The T wave in an ECG represents ventricular repolarization.
Cardiac Output Formula
- The formula for calculating cardiac output is CO = HR × SV.
Test your knowledge on the inner lining of the heart and its role in cardiac output! This quiz will cover topics such as the endocardium, trabeculae carnae, and understanding how the heart pumps blood efficiently. Challenge yourself and learn more about the fascinating world of cardiovascular anatomy and physiology.
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