Cardiovascular Anatomy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of leukocyte is the smallest?

  • Lymphocytes (correct)
  • Agranulocytes
  • Monocytes
  • Granulocytes

    • What is the principle function of neutrophils?

  • Phagocytosis (correct)
  • Forming red blood cells
  • Assisting in blood clotting
  • Releasing histamine

    • What is the role of prothrombin in blood clotting?

  • Prothrombin releases histamine
  • Prothrombin transforms into fibrinogen
  • Prothrombin activates thrombin (correct)
  • Prothrombin forms red blood cells

    • Which type of white blood cell is responsible for antibody mediated immunity?

    <p>B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do B cells originate and mature?

    <p>Red bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of T cell directly attacks infected cells?

    <p>Killer T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lymph nodes?

    <p>Defence and hematopoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the blood vessel is responsible for constricting or dilating the vessels, thereby changing resistance to flow?

    <p>Tunica media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors affects cardiac output?

    <p>Both stroke volume and heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the P wave represent in an ECG?

    <p>Atrial depolarization (contraction)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the hepatic portal vein?

    <p>To filter the blood from the digestive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is the most abundant circulating protein found in the plasma?

    <p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells play an important role in reducing bleeding from injured vessels?

    <p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two major events that make up the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Systole and diastole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of the heart wall called?

    <p>Epicardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocyte is the largest?

    <p>Monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of basophils in the process of inflammation?

    <p>Release histamine and heparin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of thrombin in blood clotting?

    <p>Converts fibrinogen into fibrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the plasma?

    <p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of platelets in hemostasis?

    <p>Reducing bleeding from injured vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cardiac cycle is characterized by the closure of the SL valves and the reopening of the AV valves?

    <p>Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of the heart wall called?

    <p>Epicardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymphocytes are responsible for antibody mediated immunity?

    <p>B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do T cells mature?

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lymph nodes?

    <p>To filter lymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

    <p>Innate immunity is the immunity one is born with, while adaptive immunity is acquired.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors affects peripheral resistance?

    <p>Blood viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the trabeculae carnae in the heart?

    <p>To add force to the contraction of the heart wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following waves in an ECG represents ventricular repolarization?

    <p>T wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?

    <p>Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Leukocytes

    • The smallest type of leukocyte is the neutrophil.
    • The largest type of leukocyte is the monocyte.

    Neutrophils

    • The principle function of neutrophils is phagocytosis.

    Blood Clotting

    • Prothrombin plays a role in blood clotting by converting to thrombin, which converts fibrinogen to fibrin, forming a blood clot.
    • Thrombin is responsible for converting fibrinogen to fibrin in blood clotting.

    Immunity

    • B cells are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity.
    • B cells originate and mature in the bone marrow.

    T Cells

    • Cytotoxic T cells directly attack infected cells.
    • T cells mature in the thymus.

    Blood Vessels

    • The tunica media layer of blood vessels is responsible for constricting or dilating the vessels, changing resistance to flow.

    Cardiac Output

    • Cardiac output is affected by factors such as heart rate, stroke volume, and blood pressure.

    ECG

    • The P wave in an ECG represents atrial depolarization.

    Hepatic Portal Vein

    • The purpose of the hepatic portal vein is to carry nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver.

    Plasma Proteins

    • Albumin is the most abundant circulating protein found in the plasma.
    • Albumin is responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the plasma.

    Hemostasis

    • Platelets play an important role in hemostasis by forming a platelet plug to stop bleeding.
    • Endothelial cells play an important role in reducing bleeding from injured vessels.

    Cardiac Cycle

    • The two major events that make up the cardiac cycle are diastole and systole.
    • The diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle is characterized by the closure of the SL valves and the reopening of the AV valves.

    Heart Wall

    • The outermost layer of the heart wall is called the epicardium.

    Basophils

    • The function of basophils in the process of inflammation is to release histamine, leading to increased blood flow and permeability.

    Lymph Nodes

    • The function of lymph nodes is to filter lymph and trap pathogens, activating immune responses.

    Lymphocytes

    • B cells and T cells are types of lymphocytes.

    Innate and Adaptive Immunity

    • Innate immunity is a non-specific defense against pathogens, while adaptive immunity is a specific defense against pathogens.

    Peripheral Resistance

    • Peripheral resistance is affected by factors such as blood vessel radius, blood viscosity, and overall peripheral vascular resistance.

    Heart Structure

    • The trabeculae carnae are muscle fibers in the heart that help to increase the surface area for contraction.

    ECG Waves

    • The T wave in an ECG represents ventricular repolarization.

    Cardiac Output Formula

    • The formula for calculating cardiac output is CO = HR × SV.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the inner lining of the heart and its role in cardiac output! This quiz will cover topics such as the endocardium, trabeculae carnae, and understanding how the heart pumps blood efficiently. Challenge yourself and learn more about the fascinating world of cardiovascular anatomy and physiology.

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