Cardiovascular Anatomy Quiz

Leukocytes

• The smallest type of leukocyte is the neutrophil.
• The largest type of leukocyte is the monocyte.

Neutrophils

• The principle function of neutrophils is phagocytosis.

Blood Clotting

• Prothrombin plays a role in blood clotting by converting to thrombin, which converts fibrinogen to fibrin, forming a blood clot.
• Thrombin is responsible for converting fibrinogen to fibrin in blood clotting.

Immunity

• B cells are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity.
• B cells originate and mature in the bone marrow.

T Cells

• Cytotoxic T cells directly attack infected cells.
• T cells mature in the thymus.

Blood Vessels

• The tunica media layer of blood vessels is responsible for constricting or dilating the vessels, changing resistance to flow.

Cardiac Output

• Cardiac output is affected by factors such as heart rate, stroke volume, and blood pressure.

ECG

• The P wave in an ECG represents atrial depolarization.

Hepatic Portal Vein

• The purpose of the hepatic portal vein is to carry nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver.

Plasma Proteins

• Albumin is the most abundant circulating protein found in the plasma.
• Albumin is responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the plasma.

Hemostasis

• Platelets play an important role in hemostasis by forming a platelet plug to stop bleeding.
• Endothelial cells play an important role in reducing bleeding from injured vessels.

Cardiac Cycle

• The two major events that make up the cardiac cycle are diastole and systole.
• The diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle is characterized by the closure of the SL valves and the reopening of the AV valves.

Heart Wall

• The outermost layer of the heart wall is called the epicardium.

Basophils

• The function of basophils in the process of inflammation is to release histamine, leading to increased blood flow and permeability.

Lymph Nodes

• The function of lymph nodes is to filter lymph and trap pathogens, activating immune responses.

Lymphocytes

• B cells and T cells are types of lymphocytes.

Innate and Adaptive Immunity

• Innate immunity is a non-specific defense against pathogens, while adaptive immunity is a specific defense against pathogens.

Peripheral Resistance

• Peripheral resistance is affected by factors such as blood vessel radius, blood viscosity, and overall peripheral vascular resistance.

Heart Structure

• The trabeculae carnae are muscle fibers in the heart that help to increase the surface area for contraction.

ECG Waves

• The T wave in an ECG represents ventricular repolarization.

Cardiac Output Formula

• The formula for calculating cardiac output is CO = HR × SV.