Cardiopulmonary Final Exam Practice Questions

Cardiopulmonary Final Exam Practice Questions

• Question 1: Supplemental oxygen given to a patient with pneumonia. Causes of hypoxemia include diffusion defects, capillary shunting, and alveolar consolidation. Hypoventilation is also a possible cause.
• Question 2: Breath sounds during auscultation of pneumonia. Bronchial breath sounds are expected.
• Question 3: Arterial blood gas results (pH 7.50, PaCO2 30 torr, PaO2 85 torr, HCO3- 24 mEq/L). Metabolic alkalosis is indicated by these results.
• Question 4: Congestive heart failure (CHF) patient with fever and tachycardia. Hyponatremia is a likely electrolyte imbalance in this situation.
• Question 5: Chest radiograph shows diaphragm level below the 10th rib. This suggests a possible condition of hyperinflation.
• Question 6: Arterial blood gas test preparation involves reviewing a crucial lab value like bilirubin, serum sodium, prothrombin time, or alkaline phosphatase. Prothrombin time is critical for arterial puncture preparation.
• Question 7: Clinical lab evaluations of a patient with known allergic reactions may show increased eosinophils.
• Question 8: High white blood cell count (WBC) indicates leukocytosis.
• Question 9: Elderly patient with emphysema presenting with shortness of breath. PaCO2 is the most important value reflecting pulmonary disease severity in ABG analysis.
• Question 10: ST-segment depression on an ECG suggests cardiac ischemia.
• Question 11: Simple squamous epithelium lines the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels.
• Question 12: Cardiac muscle pumps blood throughout the body.
• Question 13: Myocardial tissue is one of the main tissue types.
• Question 14: Emotional state is not one of the three primary influencing factors for blood pressure (cardiac output, peripheral resistance, blood volume).
• Question 15: Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
• Question 16: Capillaries are responsible for nutrient and gas exchange.
• Question 17: Pulse pressure is calculated by subtracting diastolic pressure from systolic pressure.
• Question 18: Blood flow to the skin is primarily controlled by temperature regulation and not pH.
• Question 19: The process that does not involve tissue perfusion is blood clotting (delivery of oxygen nutrients, waste removal, and gas exchange are all forms of perfusion).
• Question 20: Arterioles directly feed into capillary beds.
• Question 21: Increasing cardiac output corresponds to a decrease in blood pressure.
• Question 22: Low oxygen levels cause vasoconstriction in the lungs, and high levels cause vasodilation.
• Question 23: Hypertension is indicated by a blood pressure reading of 140/90 or higher in a 70-year-old woman.
• Question 24: When the body cannot get enough oxygen it produces ATP through anaerobic metabolism.
• Question 25: The next structure after the larynx is the bronchus.
• Question 26: The left ventricle of the heart pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body.
• Question 27: The aorta is the largest artery.
• Question 28: Red blood cells deliver oxygen to the tissues.
• Question 29: Systolic pressure is the pressure created by blood being forcefully ejected from the heart.
• Question 30: Bicarbonate regulates acidity and is produced by kidneys.
• Question 31: Electrical signals called action potentials, along with neurotransmitters, are the process of communication between cells.
• Question 32: An increase in end-diastolic volume increases stroke volume by stretching cardiac muscles to optimum length.
• Question 33: Systole refers to ventricular contraction; diastole to relaxation.
• Question 34: The T wave of an EKG represents ventricular repolarization.
• Question 35: Preload is determined by end-diastolic volume and venous return.
• Question 36: Increase in venous return results in an increase in end-diastolic volume.
• Question 37: Cardiac output is determined by heart rate and stroke volume.
• Question 38: Blood is ejected from the left ventricle when its pressure is greater than the pressure in the aorta.
• Question 39: The sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node house pacemaker cells.
• Question 40: The T-Q segment measures the time between the end of the T wave and beginning of the QRS complex, which represents the time between heartbeats..
• Question 41: The proper conduction sequence of the heart is SA node - AV node - AV bundle - bundle branches - Purkinje fibers
• Question 42: During ventricular filling phase, AV valves are open, and semilunar valves are closed.
• Question 43: cardiac output is calculated as heart rate multiplied by stroke volume.
• Question 44: All four heart valves are open during isovolumetric contraction.
• Question 45: Veins accommodate changes in blood volume and act as pressure reservoirs.
• Question 46: An increase in heart rate is associated with a decrease in parasympathetic activity and an increase in sympathetic activity.
• Question 47: Long-term blood pressure regulation involves the control of peripheral resistance and blood volume by the kidneys.
• Question 48: Mean arterial pressure is not increased by decreasing end diastolic volume (the opposite occurs).
• Question 49: Poiseuille's Law describes the flow rate of fluid in a tube, and the relationship between radius, length, viscosity, and the pressure driving the fluid.
• Question 50: Arterioles are not pressure reservoirs.
• Question 51: Acetylcholine, a muscarinic cholinergic receptor, causes constriction of bronchioles.
• Question 52: The air conduction pathways warm and humidify air.
• Question 53: Gas exchange takes place in alveoli.
• Question 54: Albuterol mimics beta-2 adrenergic receptors to dilate airways.
• Question 55: Diaphragm contraction causes intrapulmonary pressure to decrease, leading to inspiration.
• Question 56: Inflated alveoli have relatively low surface tension, aiding expiration.
• Question 57: Pulmonary edema hinders gas exchange by increasing the diffusion distance.
• Question 58: In tissues with low metabolic rate, the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve shifts to the left, increasing oxygen affinity.
• Question 59: The dorsal respiratory group (DRG) located within the medulla is responsible for generating respiratory rhythm.
• Question 60: Respiratory alkalosis can be caused by hyperventilation.
• Question 61: Reabsorption occurs at the venous end of capillaries; ultrafiltration at the arterial end.
• Question 62: Glomerular capillaries filter out components smaller than proteins.
• Question 63: Fluid movement in the nephron is afferent arteriole, glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, PCT, Loop of Henle, DCT, CD.
• Question 64: Diuretic agents decrease blood volume, helping to lower blood pressure.
• Question 65: Reabsorption primarily occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule.
• Question 66: Loop diuretics block the Na+/Cl- transporter.
• Question 67: ECG is used for monitoring electrical events in cardiac conduction.
• Question 68: All of the given options (heart attack, stress, and drugs) can cause arrhythmias.
• Question 69: The p-wave represents atrial depolarization.
• Question 70: Beta-1 adrenergic receptors are associated with tachycardia.
• Question 71: In atrial flutter, atrial contraction is too rapid that ventricular filling is compromised.
• Question 72: Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
• Question 73: Veins carry blood toward the heart.
• Question 74: A drop in blood pressure triggers baroreceptor activation, subsequently leading to vasoconstriction, increased heart contractility, and venoconstriction. Decrease in heart rate is not a consequence.
• Question 75: Beta-2 adrenergic receptors mediate bronchodilation, typically stimulated by epinephrine.

Prepare for your Cardiopulmonary final exam with this comprehensive set of practice questions. Covering topics from oxygen therapy to arterial blood gas results, this quiz is designed to test your understanding of critical concepts related to respiratory and cardiac health. Assess your knowledge and readiness for the exam.