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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a condition that involves a narrowing of the pulmonary artery outflow?
What is the optimal treatment for a patient 4 weeks after myocardial infarction who develops acute heart pain, marked dyspnea, cyanosis, swelling of neck veins, and low blood pressure?
What is the most likely diagnosis for a 19-year-old patient who complains of dyspnea during physical exertion, often has bronchitis and pneumonia, and has had a cardiac murmur since childhood?
What is the cause of the narrowed pulmonary artery outflow in Fallot's tetrad?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of Fallot's tetrad?
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What is the most likely cause of the recurrent bronchitis and pneumonia in the 19-year-old patient with Fallot's tetrad?
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What is the most characteristic presentation of the disease described in the text, where the patient has a heart rate of 35/min, blood pressure of 85/45 mm Hg, and ECG shows P waves disconnected from QRS complexes with a dissociation between atrial and ventricular rhythms?
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Which of the following drugs should be prescribed as secondary prevention for a patient with atrial fibrillation after an ischemic stroke caused by cardiac embolism?
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Which of the following drugs is NOT listed as a potential answer in the text?
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What type of arrhythmia is mentioned in the text as being associated with the patient's condition?
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What medication is recommended for a patient with atrial fibrillation and a history of ischemic stroke due to cardiac embolism?
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What is the most likely cause of the patient's brief attack of palpitations, lack of air, fear, and vertigo?
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What is the most likely diagnosis for the 58-year-old woman based on the given symptoms and lab results?
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Which additional laboratory test should be performed to confirm the diagnosis of the 58-year-old woman?
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What is the most likely diagnosis for the 25-year-old patient based on the lymph node biopsy findings?
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Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of Hodgkin's lymphoma?
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Which of the following treatment options would NOT be appropriate for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)?
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Which of the following laboratory findings is NOT consistent with the diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma?
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Which drug can be prescribed on pathogenetic grounds for the 60-year-old woman described in the text?
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What could be a potential cause of the 60-year-old woman's condition?
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What is the likely diagnosis for the 45-year-old man based on the information provided?
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What is the most likely cause of the positive fecal occult blood test in the 45-year-old man?
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Which symptom is NOT mentioned in the description of the 45-year-old man?
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What could be a possible consequence of long-term untreated iron-deficiency anemia in the 45-year-old man?
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Which of the following is the most likely complication experienced by the 42-year-old patient?
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What is the most likely cause of the 42-year-old patient's symptoms?
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Which of the following diagnostic tests would be most appropriate for the 18-year-old patient with a history of intense bleeding and a swollen knee?
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What is the most likely underlying condition for the 18-year-old patient's symptoms?
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What is the significance of the 18-year-old patient's low hemoglobin level (120 g/l)?
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Study Notes
Case Studies in Medicine
- A 58-year-old woman complains of spontaneous bruises, weakness, bleeding gums, and dizziness, with pale mucous membranes and skin, and numerous hemorrhages of various times of origin.
- Laboratory test results: RBC-3, 0 · 1012/l, Hb- 92 g/l, color index - 0,9, anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, WBC- 10 · 109/l, eosinophils - 2%, stab neutrophils - 12%, segmented neutrophils - 68%, lymphocytes 11%, monocytes - 7%, ESR- 12 mm/h.
Diagnostic Tests
- To diagnose the patient's condition, a laboratory test for platelets should be performed additionally.
- In another case, a lymph node biopsy revealed giant Berezovsky-Reed-Sternberg cells, polymorphocellular granuloma composed of lymphocytes, reticular cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, fibrous tissue, and plasma cells.
Diagnosis and Treatment
- The most likely diagnosis for the patient with enlarged lymph nodes and hepatomegaly is Hodgkin's disease.
- A 60-year-old woman with weakness, vertigo, rapid fatigability, and pale and icteric skin and mucous membranes may be prescribed Vitamin B12 on pathogenetic grounds.
- A 45-year-old man with duodenal ulcer disease, weakness, dizziness, and dryness of the skin may have anemia, and iron preparations may be prescribed.
Cardiovascular Diseases
- A 56-year-old patient with cardiac tamponade requires optimal treatment tactics, including pericardiocentesis and immediate thoracotomy.
- A 19-year-old patient with dyspnea during physical exertion, cardiac murmur, and frequent bronchitis and pneumonia may have a cardiac defect.
- A patient with atrial fibrillation after an ischemic stroke caused by cardiac embolism may be prescribed oral anticoagulants as secondary prevention drugs.
- A 16-year-old boy with dizziness, heart rate of 35/min, and blood pressure of 85/45 mm Hg may have complete atrioventricular block (III degree).
Complications and Side Effects
- A 42-year-old patient who developed back pain, darkened urine, general weakness, and dizziness after treating a cold with aspirin and ampicillin may have acquired hemolytic anemia.
- An 18-year-old patient with a history of intense bleedings from minor cuts and sores, and an increase in volume of the right knee joint, limitation of its mobility, and anemia (Hb- 120 g/l) may have a bleeding disorder.
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Description
Test your knowledge in cardiology with this quiz question about a patient experiencing acute heart pain and dyspnea weeks after a myocardial infarction. Choose the correct answer from the provided options.
