Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a condition that involves a narrowing of the pulmonary artery outflow?
Which of the following is a condition that involves a narrowing of the pulmonary artery outflow?
- Pulmonary artery outflow stenosis (correct)
- Defect of the interatrial septum
- Fallot's tetrad
- Coarctation of aorta
What is the optimal treatment for a patient 4 weeks after myocardial infarction who develops acute heart pain, marked dyspnea, cyanosis, swelling of neck veins, and low blood pressure?
What is the optimal treatment for a patient 4 weeks after myocardial infarction who develops acute heart pain, marked dyspnea, cyanosis, swelling of neck veins, and low blood pressure?
- Puncture of the pleural cavity on the left
- Oxygen inhalation
- Pericardiocentesis and immediate thoracotomy (correct)
- Conservative treatment, infusion of adrenomimetics
What is the most likely diagnosis for a 19-year-old patient who complains of dyspnea during physical exertion, often has bronchitis and pneumonia, and has had a cardiac murmur since childhood?
What is the most likely diagnosis for a 19-year-old patient who complains of dyspnea during physical exertion, often has bronchitis and pneumonia, and has had a cardiac murmur since childhood?
- Coarctation of aorta
- Fallot's tetrad (correct)
- Defect of the interatrial septum
- Pulmonary artery valve failure caused due to increased load on ventricle
What is the cause of the narrowed pulmonary artery outflow in Fallot's tetrad?
What is the cause of the narrowed pulmonary artery outflow in Fallot's tetrad?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Fallot's tetrad?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Fallot's tetrad?
What is the most likely cause of the recurrent bronchitis and pneumonia in the 19-year-old patient with Fallot's tetrad?
What is the most likely cause of the recurrent bronchitis and pneumonia in the 19-year-old patient with Fallot's tetrad?
What is the most characteristic presentation of the disease described in the text, where the patient has a heart rate of 35/min, blood pressure of 85/45 mm Hg, and ECG shows P waves disconnected from QRS complexes with a dissociation between atrial and ventricular rhythms?
What is the most characteristic presentation of the disease described in the text, where the patient has a heart rate of 35/min, blood pressure of 85/45 mm Hg, and ECG shows P waves disconnected from QRS complexes with a dissociation between atrial and ventricular rhythms?
Which of the following drugs should be prescribed as secondary prevention for a patient with atrial fibrillation after an ischemic stroke caused by cardiac embolism?
Which of the following drugs should be prescribed as secondary prevention for a patient with atrial fibrillation after an ischemic stroke caused by cardiac embolism?
Which of the following drugs is NOT listed as a potential answer in the text?
Which of the following drugs is NOT listed as a potential answer in the text?
What type of arrhythmia is mentioned in the text as being associated with the patient's condition?
What type of arrhythmia is mentioned in the text as being associated with the patient's condition?
What medication is recommended for a patient with atrial fibrillation and a history of ischemic stroke due to cardiac embolism?
What medication is recommended for a patient with atrial fibrillation and a history of ischemic stroke due to cardiac embolism?
What is the most likely cause of the patient's brief attack of palpitations, lack of air, fear, and vertigo?
What is the most likely cause of the patient's brief attack of palpitations, lack of air, fear, and vertigo?
What is the most likely diagnosis for the 58-year-old woman based on the given symptoms and lab results?
What is the most likely diagnosis for the 58-year-old woman based on the given symptoms and lab results?
Which additional laboratory test should be performed to confirm the diagnosis of the 58-year-old woman?
Which additional laboratory test should be performed to confirm the diagnosis of the 58-year-old woman?
What is the most likely diagnosis for the 25-year-old patient based on the lymph node biopsy findings?
What is the most likely diagnosis for the 25-year-old patient based on the lymph node biopsy findings?
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Which of the following treatment options would NOT be appropriate for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)?
Which of the following treatment options would NOT be appropriate for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)?
Which of the following laboratory findings is NOT consistent with the diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Which of the following laboratory findings is NOT consistent with the diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Which drug can be prescribed on pathogenetic grounds for the 60-year-old woman described in the text?
Which drug can be prescribed on pathogenetic grounds for the 60-year-old woman described in the text?
What could be a potential cause of the 60-year-old woman's condition?
What could be a potential cause of the 60-year-old woman's condition?
What is the likely diagnosis for the 45-year-old man based on the information provided?
What is the likely diagnosis for the 45-year-old man based on the information provided?
What is the most likely cause of the positive fecal occult blood test in the 45-year-old man?
What is the most likely cause of the positive fecal occult blood test in the 45-year-old man?
Which symptom is NOT mentioned in the description of the 45-year-old man?
Which symptom is NOT mentioned in the description of the 45-year-old man?
What could be a possible consequence of long-term untreated iron-deficiency anemia in the 45-year-old man?
What could be a possible consequence of long-term untreated iron-deficiency anemia in the 45-year-old man?
Which of the following is the most likely complication experienced by the 42-year-old patient?
Which of the following is the most likely complication experienced by the 42-year-old patient?
What is the most likely cause of the 42-year-old patient's symptoms?
What is the most likely cause of the 42-year-old patient's symptoms?
Which of the following diagnostic tests would be most appropriate for the 18-year-old patient with a history of intense bleeding and a swollen knee?
Which of the following diagnostic tests would be most appropriate for the 18-year-old patient with a history of intense bleeding and a swollen knee?
What is the most likely underlying condition for the 18-year-old patient's symptoms?
What is the most likely underlying condition for the 18-year-old patient's symptoms?
What is the significance of the 18-year-old patient's low hemoglobin level (120 g/l)?
What is the significance of the 18-year-old patient's low hemoglobin level (120 g/l)?
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Study Notes
Case Studies in Medicine
- A 58-year-old woman complains of spontaneous bruises, weakness, bleeding gums, and dizziness, with pale mucous membranes and skin, and numerous hemorrhages of various times of origin.
- Laboratory test results: RBC-3, 0 · 1012/l, Hb- 92 g/l, color index - 0,9, anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, WBC- 10 · 109/l, eosinophils - 2%, stab neutrophils - 12%, segmented neutrophils - 68%, lymphocytes 11%, monocytes - 7%, ESR- 12 mm/h.
Diagnostic Tests
- To diagnose the patient's condition, a laboratory test for platelets should be performed additionally.
- In another case, a lymph node biopsy revealed giant Berezovsky-Reed-Sternberg cells, polymorphocellular granuloma composed of lymphocytes, reticular cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, fibrous tissue, and plasma cells.
Diagnosis and Treatment
- The most likely diagnosis for the patient with enlarged lymph nodes and hepatomegaly is Hodgkin's disease.
- A 60-year-old woman with weakness, vertigo, rapid fatigability, and pale and icteric skin and mucous membranes may be prescribed Vitamin B12 on pathogenetic grounds.
- A 45-year-old man with duodenal ulcer disease, weakness, dizziness, and dryness of the skin may have anemia, and iron preparations may be prescribed.
Cardiovascular Diseases
- A 56-year-old patient with cardiac tamponade requires optimal treatment tactics, including pericardiocentesis and immediate thoracotomy.
- A 19-year-old patient with dyspnea during physical exertion, cardiac murmur, and frequent bronchitis and pneumonia may have a cardiac defect.
- A patient with atrial fibrillation after an ischemic stroke caused by cardiac embolism may be prescribed oral anticoagulants as secondary prevention drugs.
- A 16-year-old boy with dizziness, heart rate of 35/min, and blood pressure of 85/45 mm Hg may have complete atrioventricular block (III degree).
Complications and Side Effects
- A 42-year-old patient who developed back pain, darkened urine, general weakness, and dizziness after treating a cold with aspirin and ampicillin may have acquired hemolytic anemia.
- An 18-year-old patient with a history of intense bleedings from minor cuts and sores, and an increase in volume of the right knee joint, limitation of its mobility, and anemia (Hb- 120 g/l) may have a bleeding disorder.
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