Cardiology Quiz on Heart Failure and CAD

<p>Endocarditis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aggressive hydration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progressive narrowing of coronary arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surgery for valve replacement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Family history of heart disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ST elevation on EKG (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid backup in lungs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unstable angina occurs more frequently and with greater severity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inadequate flow to meet metabolic demands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypokalemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe abdominal pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bicarbonate therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biliary tract disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased triglycerides and WBCs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Turner's Sign (A), Cullen's Sign (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High protein diet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smoking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limit potassium intake to 2-3g (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic hypertension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To treat anemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Movement of solutes across a semipermeable membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid overload (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limit to 1g/day (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for more gradual fluid removal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Removal of plasma and water using pressure or osmotic gradients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To lower risk of neurological disability post resuscitation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is no defined P wave. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perform CPR. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents the total resistance to blood flow in systemic circulation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treat underlying causes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A 'tombstone' waveform (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of clots in the atrium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asystole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>150-250 beats per minute (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2-6 mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysrhythmias (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initiation Phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperphosphatemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dry skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oliguric/Maintenance Phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obstruction of urine flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10:1 to 20:1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intrarenal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

Unexpected death due to sudden cardiac arrhythmias, often ventricular fibrillation or asystole.

Cooling the body to 33°C after cardiac arrest to reduce neurological disability.

Rapid, irregular heartbeat originating in the atria, with no distinct P wave on ECG.

Rapid heartbeat originating in the ventricles, often seen as a "tombstone" waveform on ECG.

Life-threatening arrhythmia with no coordinated ventricular contraction, requiring immediate defibrillation.

Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute; calculated as heart rate multiplied by stroke volume.

A condition where the heart has electrical activity but no pulse, preventing defibrillation.

Average blood pressure during a cardiac cycle; calculated as (systolic BP + 2 * diastolic BP) / 3.

Methods for assessing the pressure and blood flow within the circulatory system.

Slow heart rate originating from the sinoatrial node, typically below 60 bpm.

The typical pressure in the pulmonary arteries, a part of the heart's circulatory system.

A surgical procedure that creates new paths in the heart to bypass blocked arteries.

Sudden kidney failure, characterized by decreased urine output and buildup of waste products in the blood.

Kidney injury caused by reduced blood flow to the kidneys.

Kidney injury that originates within the kidney itself, affecting its functioning.

Kidney injury due to a blockage in the urinary system after the kidneys.

A measure of kidney function, indicating how much blood the kidneys filter per minute.

Reduced urine output, often a sign of kidney problems.

An imbalance in the body's acidity levels, often associated with kidney disease.

High potassium levels in the blood, a risk in kidney failure.

A process that filters waste products, excess fluids, and electrolytes from the blood when the kidneys are not working properly.

A type of dialysis where blood is removed from the body, filtered through a machine, and returned to the body. It's typically done in a hospital or clinic.

A type of dialysis where a cleansing fluid is pumped through a catheter into the abdominal cavity, filtering waste products and excess fluids from the blood.

Continuous renal replacement therapy, a type of dialysis that slowly removes waste products and fluids over time, suitable for critically ill patients.

A progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function that occurs over time.

A condition where waste products build up in the blood due to kidney failure, leading to multiple organ dysfunction.

Limiting protein intake in CKD patients to reduce the burden on the kidneys.

Medications used to control high phosphate levels in CKD patients who are on dialysis.

High blood lipid levels due to increased fat breakdown (lipolysis) in diabetic ketoacidosis.

Increased gap between positive and negative ions in the blood due to excess acids like ketone bodies.

Confusion, disorientation, or decreased consciousness due to acidosis and dehydration.

Low potassium levels due to insulin pushing potassium into cells.

Inflammation of the pancreas, potentially leading to tissue damage and bleeding.

A scoring system to predict the severity of acute pancreatitis based on factors like glucose, age, white blood cell count, and electrolyte levels.

Open sores in the stomach lining or duodenum, causing pain and potential bleeding.

Factors that increase the likelihood of developing peptic ulcer disease, such as smoking and Helicobacter pylori infection.

A hormone secreted by the heart's ventricles in response to stretching, indicating heart strain. Normal levels are below 100.

A significant decrease in systolic blood pressure during inhalation, often seen in pericarditis.

Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart, often caused by viral infections or autoimmune disorders. It can lead to fluid buildup, heart compression, and scarring.

This condition involves inflammation of the heart's inner lining, often affecting heart valves. Symptoms include fever, chills, fatigue, new heart murmurs, and potential heart failure.

Antibiotic prophylaxis is crucial for individuals at risk of endocarditis, especially before dental procedures or surgeries.

Peptic Ulcer Disease, a condition causing sores in the lining of the stomach or duodenum.

The most common cause of PUD is duodenal and gastric ulcers.

An ulcer is a crater-like sore surrounded by inflamed cells.

Treatment involves stabilizing the patient's hemodynamics, gastric lavage, PPIs, antacids, H2 receptor blockers, antibiotics, and sometimes surgery.

A progressive narrowing of coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis.

Factors like age, family history, smoking, inactivity, obesity, high cholesterol, diabetes, and high blood pressure increase the risk of CAD.

Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.

Stable angina is predictable, while unstable angina is unpredictable and more severe. Variant angina is caused by spasms in the coronary arteries.