Cardiology Quiz on Heart Failure and CAD
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Questions and Answers

What is the normal level of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)?

  • 100 (correct)
  • 200
  • 150
  • 50

    • Which treatment is not recommended for improving pump function in heart failure?

  • Diuretics
  • Nesiritide citrate (correct)
  • Digoxin
  • Beta-blockers like carvedilol

    • Which symptom is associated with pericarditis?

  • Weight loss
  • New murmurs
  • Friction rub (correct)
  • High fever

    • Which condition is characterized by the potential for valvular dysfunction and vegetation formation?

    <p>Endocarditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is NOT part of the optimization of gas exchange in patients with heart failure?

    <p>Aggressive hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)?

    <p>Progressive narrowing of coronary arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is NOT commonly used for managing Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)?

    <p>Surgery for valve replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which risk factor is associated with an increased likelihood of developing Coronary Artery Disease?

    <p>Family history of heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is commonly associated with a STEMI?

    <p>ST elevation on EKG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medication is typically used to relieve angina during an acute episode?

    <p>Nitrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of left heart failure?

    <p>Fluid backup in lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is unstable angina differentiated from stable angina?

    <p>Unstable angina occurs more frequently and with greater severity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change occurs in heart failure?

    <p>Inadequate flow to meet metabolic demands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with hyperlipidemia due to increased lipolysis?

    <p>Hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with a hyperglycemic state resulting from metabolic acidosis?

    <p>Severe abdominal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is indicated for metabolic acidosis with a pH less than 7.0?

    <p>Bicarbonate therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary cause of acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Biliary tract disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lab findings would you expect in a patient with acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Increased triglycerides and WBCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign indicates retroperitoneal hemorrhage in a patient with acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Turner's Sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In managing a patient with acute pancreatitis, which intervention is least likely to be recommended?

    <p>High protein diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which risk factor is associated with Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary dietary recommendation for patients undergoing hemodialysis?

    <p>Limit potassium intake to 2-3g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a leading cause of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?

    <p>Chronic hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of using the medication Epoetin alfa in CKD patients?

    <p>To treat anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of dialysis?

    <p>Movement of solutes across a semipermeable membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is an indication for dialysis?

    <p>Fluid overload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What restriction is generally applied to dietary phosphorus intake for patients on dialysis?

    <p>Limit to 1g/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is true?

    <p>It allows for more gradual fluid removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the process of ultrafiltration in dialysis primarily involve?

    <p>Removal of plasma and water using pressure or osmotic gradients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Targeted Temperature Management (TTM)?

    <p>To lower risk of neurological disability post resuscitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Atrial Fibrillation regarding the P wave?

    <p>There is no defined P wave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the management of Ventricular Fibrillation?

    <p>Perform CPR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?

    <p>It represents the total resistance to blood flow in systemic circulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for Sinus Bradycardia?

    <p>Treat underlying causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which waveform is indicative of Ventricular Tachycardia?

    <p>A 'tombstone' waveform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Transesophageal echo (TEE) assess in patients with Atrial Fibrillation?

    <p>Presence of clots in the atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by a lack of electrical activity and no pulse?

    <p>Asystole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parameter is used to calculate Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?

    <p>Systolic and diastolic blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical heart rate range for Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)?

    <p>150-250 beats per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for pulmonary artery pressures?

    <p>2-6 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication is associated with Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)?

    <p>Dysrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first phase of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?

    <p>Initiation Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte disturbance is commonly seen in Acute Kidney Injury?

    <p>Hyperphosphatemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with Acute Kidney Injury?

    <p>Dry skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is primarily responsible for blood pressure regulation in the kidneys?

    <p>Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of AKI is oliguria most common?

    <p>Oliguric/Maintenance Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can result from a postrenal cause of Acute Kidney Injury?

    <p>Obstruction of urine flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lab value ratio is considered normal for BUN to Creatinine?

    <p>10:1 to 20:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of AKI is characterized by intrinsic kidney failure due to nephrotoxic agents?

    <p>Intrarenal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Week 1: Conduction Disturbances and Sudden Cardiac Death

    • Sudden Cardiac Death involves depolarization (systole/contraction) and repolarization (diastole/resting/filling).
    • Electrical activity precedes mechanical activity.
    • P wave indicates atrial contraction.
    • QRS complex signifies ventricular contraction.
    • T wave represents ventricular repolarization (relaxation).
    • Cardiac output is calculated as heart rate multiplied by stroke volume (HR x SV).
    • Targeted Temperature Management (TTM) aims to lower risk of neurological disabilities after resuscitation.
    • Cooling to 33°C for 24 hours is common, and labs are checked starting at 36°C.
    • Electrolytes and blood glucose (BG) may be low but are allowed to normalize without intervention.

    Rhythm Interpretation

    • Assess rhythm regularity.
    • Assess heart rate.
    • Identify and examine waveforms.
    • Assess intervals and ST segments.
    • Interpret rhythm and assess clinical significance.

    Sinus Rhythms

    • Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR) is the normal/expected sinus rhythm.
    • Sinus bradycardia is a heart rate less than 60 bpm.
    • It can be symptomatic or asymptomatic, and potential causes include beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, narcotics, etc.
    • Asymptomatic bradycardia does not require treatment.
    • Symptomatic bradycardia may require atropine (to increase heart rate) and/or pacing.

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    Critical Care Final Exam PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on key concepts related to heart failure, coronary artery disease, and associated symptoms. This quiz covers topics such as BNP levels, heart pump function treatments, and pericarditis. Challenge yourself to see how well you understand these critical cardiovascular conditions.

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