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As the respiratory therapist, you have given supplemental oxygen to a patient with pneumonia. What would cause the patient to be hypoxemic?
As the respiratory therapist, you have given supplemental oxygen to a patient with pneumonia. What would cause the patient to be hypoxemic?
When auscultating over an area of pneumonia, what breath sound can be expected?
When auscultating over an area of pneumonia, what breath sound can be expected?
A patient has been admitted to the emergency department with the following arterial blood gas results: pH 7.50, PaCO2 30 torr, PaO2 85 torr, HCO3- 24 mEq/L. The physician asks the respiratory therapist what the results show. The therapist should interpret the results as:
A patient has been admitted to the emergency department with the following arterial blood gas results: pH 7.50, PaCO2 30 torr, PaO2 85 torr, HCO3- 24 mEq/L. The physician asks the respiratory therapist what the results show. The therapist should interpret the results as:
A respiratory therapist enters the room of a patient with congestive heart failure (CHF) who has recently become febrile and tachycardic. The patient is very weak and apathetic and faints upon sitting up. The therapist then calls for the nurse. After the therapist ensures that the patient has regained consciousness, he recommends that an electrolyte panel be ordered. Upon analysis of the patient's electrolyte levels, the therapist should expect to find that the patient is
A respiratory therapist enters the room of a patient with congestive heart failure (CHF) who has recently become febrile and tachycardic. The patient is very weak and apathetic and faints upon sitting up. The therapist then calls for the nurse. After the therapist ensures that the patient has regained consciousness, he recommends that an electrolyte panel be ordered. Upon analysis of the patient's electrolyte levels, the therapist should expect to find that the patient is
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The respiratory therapist is evaluating the record of an adult patient. A note in the record indicates that the chest radiograph shows the level of the diaphragm just below the 10th rib. This finding is consistent with:
The respiratory therapist is evaluating the record of an adult patient. A note in the record indicates that the chest radiograph shows the level of the diaphragm just below the 10th rib. This finding is consistent with:
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The respiratory therapist is reviewing the record of a patient for whom an arterial blood gas test has been ordered. In order to properly prepare for the arterial puncture, which of the following lab values is most critical to review?
The respiratory therapist is reviewing the record of a patient for whom an arterial blood gas test has been ordered. In order to properly prepare for the arterial puncture, which of the following lab values is most critical to review?
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Clinical lab evaluations of a patient with known allergic reactions would most likely reveal
Clinical lab evaluations of a patient with known allergic reactions would most likely reveal
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A patient's complete blood count (CBC) shows that the white blood count (WBC) is twice the high end of the normal range. This indicates:
A patient's complete blood count (CBC) shows that the white blood count (WBC) is twice the high end of the normal range. This indicates:
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An elderly patient with a history of very significant emphysema presents to the emergency department (ED) with shortness of breath. The ED physician asks the respiratory therapist which value in the patient's ABG analysis would be most reflective of the severity of the patient's pulmonary disease. The therapist's response should be:
An elderly patient with a history of very significant emphysema presents to the emergency department (ED) with shortness of breath. The ED physician asks the respiratory therapist which value in the patient's ABG analysis would be most reflective of the severity of the patient's pulmonary disease. The therapist's response should be:
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The respiratory therapist reviews the patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) tracing and notes ST-segment depression. This finding most strongly indicates:
The respiratory therapist reviews the patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) tracing and notes ST-segment depression. This finding most strongly indicates:
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Which type of epithelial tissue is found lining the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels?
Which type of epithelial tissue is found lining the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels?
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Which of the following types of tissues is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body?
Which of the following types of tissues is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the main tissue types found in the human body?
Which of the following is NOT one of the main tissue types found in the human body?
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Which of the following is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure?
Which of the following is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure?
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Which statement best describes arteries?
Which statement best describes arteries?
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Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ______.
Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ______.
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The pulse pressure is
The pulse pressure is
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Blood flow to the skin
Blood flow to the skin
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Which of the choices below does not involve tissue perfusion?
Which of the choices below does not involve tissue perfusion?
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The arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds are called
The arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds are called
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Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure.
Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure.
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Where in the body would you find low oxygen levels causing vasoconstriction and high levels causing vasodilation?
Where in the body would you find low oxygen levels causing vasoconstriction and high levels causing vasodilation?
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Which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension?
Which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension?
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When the body cannot get enough oxygen, it makes ATP via:
When the body cannot get enough oxygen, it makes ATP via:
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After inhaled air goes through the larynx, the NEXT part of the respiratory system the air passes through as it moves to the lungs is the:
After inhaled air goes through the larynx, the NEXT part of the respiratory system the air passes through as it moves to the lungs is the:
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The chamber that pumps oxygen-rich blood out of the heart for distribution to the rest of the body is the:
The chamber that pumps oxygen-rich blood out of the heart for distribution to the rest of the body is the:
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The largest artery in the body is the:
The largest artery in the body is the:
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The component of the blood that has a primary function of carrying oxygen tissue is:
The component of the blood that has a primary function of carrying oxygen tissue is:
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The pressure created in the arteries when blood is forced out of the heart is referred to as:
The pressure created in the arteries when blood is forced out of the heart is referred to as:
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The substance that regulates acidity and is produced by the kidneys is called:
The substance that regulates acidity and is produced by the kidneys is called:
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Electrical signals called ______ travel along the plasma membrane of a neuron and stimulate the release of chemicals called ______ that are then used to communicate with other cells.
Electrical signals called ______ travel along the plasma membrane of a neuron and stimulate the release of chemicals called ______ that are then used to communicate with other cells.
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Which of the following describes the effect of end-diastolic volume on stroke volume?
Which of the following describes the effect of end-diastolic volume on stroke volume?
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The period of ventricular contraction is called ______, whereas the period of ventricular relaxation is called ______
The period of ventricular contraction is called ______, whereas the period of ventricular relaxation is called ______
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Which of the following components of an ECG represent ventricular repolarization?
Which of the following components of an ECG represent ventricular repolarization?
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Which of the following factors determines preload?
Which of the following factors determines preload?
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An increase in venous return would result in a(n)
An increase in venous return would result in a(n)
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Cardiac output is determined by what two variable?
Cardiac output is determined by what two variable?
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Blood is ejected from the left ventricle once the pressure within the:
Blood is ejected from the left ventricle once the pressure within the:
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What two major regions of the heart contain a concentration of pacemaker cells?
What two major regions of the heart contain a concentration of pacemaker cells?
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The T-Q segment is the time from the end of the T wave to the beginning of the QRS complex which measures the time:
The T-Q segment is the time from the end of the T wave to the beginning of the QRS complex which measures the time:
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Which of the following is the correct conduction pathway through the heart?
Which of the following is the correct conduction pathway through the heart?
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In what phase is the cardiac cycle when AV valves are open and semilunar valves are closed?
In what phase is the cardiac cycle when AV valves are open and semilunar valves are closed?
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Study Notes
Cardio A&P Final Exam Practice Questions
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Hypoxia in a patient with pneumonia: Causes include diffusion defects, capillary shunting, and alveolar consolidation. Hypoventilation can also contribute.
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Breath sounds in pneumonia: Bronchial breath sounds can be expected when auscultating over an area of pneumonia.
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ABG results (pH 7.50, PaCO2 30 torr, PaO2 85 torr, HCO3- 24 mEq/L): Indicate respiratory alkalosis.
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Congestive heart failure (CHF) presentation: Patients can exhibit weakness, apathy, and fainting upon sitting up. Febrile and tachycardic status is also common. Electrolyte imbalance, specifically hyponatremia, is a potential concern.
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Chest radiograph findings: The level of the diaphragm just below the 10th rib is consistent with normal findings, hyperinflation, or hypoinflation.
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Critical lab value for arterial blood gas preparation: In order to prepare for arterial puncture, review the prothrombin time.
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Allergic reaction lab markers: Increased eosinophils are a likely indicator of allergic reactions.
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Elevated white blood cell count (WBC): Suggests leukocytosis, which may indicate various conditions including leukemia.
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ABG analysis and pulmonary disease: PaCO2 is most reflective of the severity of the patient's pulmonary disease.
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ECG ST-segment depression: Indicates cardiac ischemia.
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Epithelial tissue lining: Simple squamous epithelium lines the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels.
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Cardiac muscle function: Cardiac muscle is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.
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Blood pressure factors: Cardiac output, peripheral resistance, and blood volume are the main factors influencing blood pressure.
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Tissue perfusion: The process of delivering oxygen and nutrients to, and removing wastes from tissue cells.
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Artery types: Arterioles are the arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds and are responsible for regulating blood flow into different organs.
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Blood flow and pH in skin: Blood flow to the skin is controlled mainly by pH and temperature changes.
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Respiratory system pathways: The respiratory system includes airways such as bronchi and trachea; these pathways warm and humidify inspired air and move it for gas exchange.
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Albuterol effects: Dilates bronchioles by mimicking beta2-adrenergic receptors.
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Diaphragmatic contraction and breathing: Diaphragmatic contraction leads to intrapulmonary pressure decrease relative to the atmospheric pressure. This is critical for inspiration.
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Pulmonary edema and gas exchange: Pulmonary edema caused by fluid buildup in the alveoli reduces gas diffusion and limits gas exchange across the lungs.
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Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve shifts: A shift to the right on the curve indicates decreased affinity for oxygen and a shift to the left indicates increased affinity.
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Respiratory control centers: The DRGs (dorsal respiratory groups) are located in the medulla, generate the rhythmic breathing pattern, and the VRGs (ventral respiratory groups) are located in the pons, modify the rhythm.
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Heart rate and arrhythmias: Several factors, such as stress, drugs, and heart attack, are potential causes of arrhythmias(irregular heartbeats).
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Conduction pathway of the heart: The correct conduction pathway is SA node, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers.
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Cardiac cycle phases: During the isovolumetric contraction phase of the cardiac cycle, all four heart valves are closed.
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Factors determining preload: End-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume, along with heart rate and venous return, determine preload.
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Blood pressure and blood flow through the heart: Blood flow into and out of the heart is regulated by the pressure gradient between the heart and the tissues/vessels.
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Capillary exchange and Bowman's capsule: Glomerular capillaries in Bowman's capsule filter out many components of the blood plasma, including components smaller than proteins but reabsorb them on the venous side.
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Nephron function and diuretic function: Diuretic agents decrease blood volume to manage hypertension.
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Electrocardiogram components: P-wave = atrial depolarization; T wave = ventricular repolarization.
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Factors influencing blood pressure: Arterioles can act as pressure reservoirs, play a critical role in regulating blood pressure, and can adjust blood flow distribution to different organs.
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Description
Prepare for your Cardio Anatomy & Physiology final exam with these practice questions. Covering essential topics like hypoxia, breath sounds in pneumonia, ABG results, and CHF presentations, this quiz is designed to test your understanding of critical concepts. Ensure you are ready for clinical scenarios with relevant lab values and radiograph findings.
