Clinical Physiology 3: the heart

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of atrioventricular valves in the heart?

  • To regulate blood flow into the aorta
  • To regulate blood flow into the pulmonary veins
  • To prevent backflow between the atria and ventricles (correct)
  • To prevent backflow between the ventricles and great arteries

What is the function of semilunar valves in the heart?

  • To regulate blood flow into the pulmonary veins
  • To regulate blood flow into the aorta
  • To prevent backflow between the ventricles and great arteries (correct)
  • To prevent backflow between the atria and ventricles

When the left ventricle contracts, where does the blood move?

  • Into the right ventricle
  • Into the right atrium
  • Into the aorta (correct)
  • Into the left atrium

When the right ventricle contracts, where does the blood move?

<p>Into the left atrium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major types of valves in the heart?

<p>Atrioventricular and semilunar valves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the interventricular septum?

<p>To separate the left and right ventricles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart contracts to help fill the left ventricle?

<p>Left atrium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the first heart sound (Lub)?

<p>The left ventricle contracting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the left AV valve open?

<p>When the left ventricle relaxes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the second heart sound (Dub)?

<p>Semilunar valve closing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of flow is normal in the heart?

<p>Laminar flow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a valve that doesn't open widely enough?

<p>Stenosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a valve that doesn't close fully?

<p>Regurgitation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which valves in the heart are larger and more 'floppy' in nature?

<p>Atrioventricular valves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures anchor the atrioventricular valves and prevent them from 'flopping back' into the atria during ventricular contraction?

<p>Chordae tendineae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which valves in the heart are smaller and 'tighter' in nature?

<p>Semilunar valves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general shape of the semilunar and atrioventricular (AV) valves?

<p>Semilunar valves are half-moon shaped, while AV valves have a different shape (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which surface of the heart is easier to auscultate and palpate?

<p>Anterior surface (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the left ventricle is the easiest place to palpate the cardiac impulse in most people?

<p>The 'tip' of the left ventricle - apex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intercostal space is the best place to hear sounds from the right ventricle and right AV valve?

<p>4th/5th intercostal space, right sternal border (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cardiac cycle can heart murmurs be heard?

<p>Ventricular diastole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a murmur is due to a damaged valve, it could be because the valve ____.

<p>Can't close or open fully (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which valve is involved if a murmur is heard loudest at the 2nd intercostal space, right sternal border during ventricular systole?

<p>Aortic stenosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which valve is involved if a murmur is heard loudest at the 2nd intercostal space, left sternal border during ventricular diastole?

<p>Pulmonic regurgitation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which valve is involved if a murmur is heard loudest at the 5th intercostal space, left sternal border during ventricular diastole?

<p>L AV regurgitation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which valve is involved if a murmur is heard loudest at the 5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line during ventricular systole?

<p>L AV regurgitation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if a valve is stenotic?

<p>The valve can't open fully (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if a valve is regurgitating?

<p>The valve can't close (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the location and phase of the cardiac cycle allow you to deduce?

<p>Both which valve is involved and whether the valve is stenotic or regurgitating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart is separated by the interventricular septum?

<p>Ventricles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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