Clinical Physiology 3: the heart

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What is the purpose of atrioventricular valves in the heart?

To regulate blood flow into the aorta

To regulate blood flow into the pulmonary veins

To prevent backflow between the atria and ventricles (correct)

To prevent backflow between the ventricles and great arteries

What is the function of semilunar valves in the heart?

To regulate blood flow into the pulmonary veins

To regulate blood flow into the aorta

To prevent backflow between the ventricles and great arteries (correct)

To prevent backflow between the atria and ventricles

When the left ventricle contracts, where does the blood move?

Into the right ventricle

Into the right atrium

Into the aorta (correct)

Into the left atrium

When the right ventricle contracts, where does the blood move?

Into the left atrium Signup and view all the answers

What are the major types of valves in the heart?

Atrioventricular and semilunar valves Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the interventricular septum?

To separate the left and right ventricles Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart contracts to help fill the left ventricle?

Left atrium Signup and view all the answers

What causes the first heart sound (Lub)?

The left ventricle contracting Signup and view all the answers

When does the left AV valve open?

When the left ventricle relaxes Signup and view all the answers

What causes the second heart sound (Dub)?

Semilunar valve closing Signup and view all the answers

What type of flow is normal in the heart?

Laminar flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a valve that doesn't open widely enough?

Stenosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a valve that doesn't close fully?

Regurgitation Signup and view all the answers

Which valves in the heart are larger and more 'floppy' in nature?

Atrioventricular valves Signup and view all the answers

What structures anchor the atrioventricular valves and prevent them from 'flopping back' into the atria during ventricular contraction?

Chordae tendineae Signup and view all the answers

Which valves in the heart are smaller and 'tighter' in nature?

Semilunar valves Signup and view all the answers

What is the general shape of the semilunar and atrioventricular (AV) valves?

Semilunar valves are half-moon shaped, while AV valves have a different shape Signup and view all the answers

Which surface of the heart is easier to auscultate and palpate?

Anterior surface Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the left ventricle is the easiest place to palpate the cardiac impulse in most people?

The 'tip' of the left ventricle - apex Signup and view all the answers

Which intercostal space is the best place to hear sounds from the right ventricle and right AV valve?

4th/5th intercostal space, right sternal border Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cardiac cycle can heart murmurs be heard?

Ventricular diastole Signup and view all the answers

If a murmur is due to a damaged valve, it could be because the valve ____.

Can't close or open fully Signup and view all the answers

Which valve is involved if a murmur is heard loudest at the 2nd intercostal space, right sternal border during ventricular systole?

Aortic stenosis Signup and view all the answers

Which valve is involved if a murmur is heard loudest at the 2nd intercostal space, left sternal border during ventricular diastole?

Pulmonic regurgitation Signup and view all the answers

Which valve is involved if a murmur is heard loudest at the 5th intercostal space, left sternal border during ventricular diastole?

L AV regurgitation Signup and view all the answers

Which valve is involved if a murmur is heard loudest at the 5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line during ventricular systole?

L AV regurgitation Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if a valve is stenotic?

The valve can't open fully Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if a valve is regurgitating?

The valve can't close Signup and view all the answers

What should the location and phase of the cardiac cycle allow you to deduce?

Both which valve is involved and whether the valve is stenotic or regurgitating Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart is separated by the interventricular septum?

Ventricles Signup and view all the answers