Cardiac Cycle Phases Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the ventricular pressure during the isometric relaxation phase?

  • It increases due to blood returning from the aorta.
  • It remains unchanged while both valves are closed.
  • It increases rapidly above aortic pressure.
  • It decreases rapidly below aortic and pulmonary pressures. (correct)

    • What prevents blood from returning to the ventricles after ventricular systole?

  • The drop in atrial pressure.
  • The closing of A-V valves.
  • The sudden closure of aortic and pulmonary valves. (correct)
  • The rapid increase in aortic pressure.

    • What characterizes the rapid filling phase of the cardiac cycle?

  • Blood flows passively from atria to ventricles. (correct)
  • A-V valves are closed, preventing blood flow.
  • Atrial pressure is at its lowest.
  • Ventricular pressure is higher than atrial pressure.

    • During the reduced filling phase, how does the volume of ventricles change?

    <p>It increases gradually at a slower rate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at the end of the isometric relaxation phase regarding aortic pressure?

    <p>A dicrotic notch occurs indicating rising pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase directly follows the isometric relaxation phase?

    <p>Rapid filling phase. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do aortic and pulmonary pressures change during the rapid filling phase?

    <p>They decrease due to blood escaping to the periphery. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to atrial pressure during the isometric relaxation phase?

    <p>It continues to increase due to venous return. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the isometric contraction phase of the cardiac cycle?

    <p>The ventricular pressure remains constant while the ventricles contract. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pressure in the left ventricle when the aortic valve opens?

    <p>80 mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the maximal (rapid) ejection phase, how does the blood flow out of the ventricle?

    <p>The amount of blood ejected exceeds that leaving the aorta. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the aortic valve during the protodiastolic phase?

    <p>It remains open due to ventricular pressure exceeding aortic pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the isometric relaxation phase, what prevents blood from regurgitating into the ventricle?

    <p>Closure of the aortic valve. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the maximal (rapid) filling phase of the cardiac cycle?

    <p>The ventricle relaxes and pressure decreases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the left ventricular pressure during the reduced ejection phase?

    <p>It decreases as less blood is ejected. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs as the ventricular relaxation leads to the opening of the mitral valve?

    <p>Ventricular pressure decreases to 0 mmHg. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of the maximum filling phase in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>0.1 seconds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase does the ventricular systole occur?

    <p>Isometric contraction phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the atria in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Reservoir of blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of blood flows from the atria to the ventricles passively?

    <p>70% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase marks the beginning of the ventricular cycle?

    <p>Atrial systole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of the ventricular diastole phase?

    <p>0.5 seconds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase is included in early diastole?

    <p>Protodiastole phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of the isometric relaxation phase?

    <p>0.06 seconds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs immediately after the contraction of the ventricles during systole?

    <p>The A.V. valves suddenly close. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During isovolumetric contraction, which condition is present?

    <p>Ventricles contract without changing volume. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the maximal ejection phase of the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Blood is rapidly ejected into the aorta and pulmonary artery. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to stroke volume during the reduced ejection phase?

    <p>Stroke volume gradually decreases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At the end of the maximal ejection phase, what is the expected pressure in the aorta?

    <p>120 mmHg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the protodiastolic phase?

    <p>It is a brief phase lasting 0.04 seconds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end-systolic volume after one cardiac cycle?

    <p>About 65 ml of blood left in each ventricle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the changes in aorta and pulmonary artery pressures during the reduced ejection phase?

    <p>Both pressures start to decrease as less blood is ejected. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Atrial Systole (Late Diastole)

    Phase of the cardiac cycle where the atria contract, pushing blood into the ventricles.

    Ventricular Systole

    The phase where the ventricles contract to pump blood out of the heart.

    Isometric Contraction

    Initial phase of ventricular contraction when the ventricles contract, but the pressure inside the ventricles hasn't yet built up enough to open the valves.

    End-Diastolic Volume

    Volume of blood in ventricles at end of ventricular diastole (relaxation).

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    Cardiac Cycle Phases

    Sequence of events during a single heartbeat, including atrial and ventricular contraction and relaxation.

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    Early Diastole

    Phase after ventricular contraction, includes relaxation and filling of ventricles.

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    Blood Vessel Pressure (a)

    Recorded systolic and diastolic pressure differences between Left and Right ventricles and Aorta and Pulminary Arteries.

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    Atrial Function

    Reservoir of blood. Plays a role in aiding with filling of ventricles, but not the main driver of blood flow.

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    Intraventricular Pressure Increase

    The pressure inside the ventricles rapidly increases during ventricular contraction, reaching 80 mmHg in the left ventricle and 10 mmHg in the right.

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    AV Valve Closure

    Atrioventricular (AV) valves close to prevent blood from flowing back into the atria during ventricular contraction.

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    Maximal Ejection Phase

    The phase where blood is rapidly ejected from the ventricles into the aorta and pulmonary artery.

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    Stroke Volume

    The amount of blood ejected from each ventricle per beat during rest, usually around 70 ml.

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    Aortic and Pulmonary Pressure

    The pressure in the aorta and pulmonary artery increases during maximal ejection to 120 mmHg and 25 mmHg, respectively, due to the influx of blood.

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    Reduced Ejection Phase

    A phase of ventricular systole where blood ejection decreases and ventricular volume and pressure decrease.

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    Isovolumetric Relaxation

    Brief phase after ventricular contraction where ventricles relax, pressure drops below aortic pressure, but volume remains constant.

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    Rapid Filling Phase

    Period where the AV valves open, blood rushes into ventricles due to atrial pressure being higher, increasing ventricular volume rapidly.

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    Reduced Filling Phase

    Phase after rapid filling, AV valves still open, but blood flow is slower. Ventricles continue to fill but pressure remains constant.

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    Ventricular Pressure vs. Aortic Pressure

    During isovolumetric relaxation, ventricular pressure falls below aortic pressure causing the aortic valve to close.

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    Dicrotic Notch

    Sharp fall in aortic pressure caused by sudden closure of the semilunar valves during isovolumetric relaxation.

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    Isovolumetric Relaxation Duration

    The duration of the isovolumetric relaxation phase is 0.06 seconds.

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    Rapid Filling Phase Duration

    The duration of the rapid filling phase is about 0.1 seconds.

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    Reduced Filling Phase Duration

    The duration of the reduced filling phase is approximately 0.2 seconds.

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    Isometric Relaxation

    The phase during which the ventricle relaxes without changing volume, resulting in a decrease in pressure until the mitral valve opens.

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    Protodiastolic Phase

    The short phase between the end of ventricular contraction and the closure of the aortic valve. The valve remains open due to the momentum of the ejected blood.

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    Ventricular Pressure Changes

    The pressure inside the ventricle changes as it contracts and relaxes, with a cycle of increasing and decreasing pressure throughout the heart beat.

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    Study Notes

    Cardiac Cycle Phases

    • Protodiastole (0.04 seconds): Initial relaxation phase.
    • Isometric Relaxation (0.06 seconds): Relaxation continues without changing volume.
    • Maximum Filling (0.1 second): Ventricles fill rapidly.
    • Reduced Filling (0.2 second): Filling slows.
    • Important Classification of Phases:
      • Ventricular systole includes phases 2, 3, and 4.
      • Early diastole includes phases 5, 6, and 7.
      • Mid diastole is phase 8.
      • Late diastole includes phase 1.
    • Systolic Pressure (Lt.V): 120 mmHg.
    • Systolic Pressure (Rt.V): 25 mmHg.
    • Diastolic Pressure (Aorta): 80 mmHg.
    • Diastolic Pressure (Pulmonary): 10 mmHg.
    • 70% of blood passes passively.
    • 30% of blood passes with atrial contraction.
    • Atrial Function: Reservoir of blood.
    • Atrial Systole (0.1 seconds): Atria contract to fill ventricles.
    • Atrial Diastole (0.7 seconds): Period of atrial relaxation.
    • Ventricular Systole (0.3 seconds): Heart's pumping phase contraction.
    • Ventricular Diastole (0.5 seconds): Relaxation phase, filling.

    Cardiac Cycle Summary (Page 3)

    • Atrial Systole (Late Diastole):

      • SA node's impulse spreads over both atria.
      • P wave of ECG precedes mechanical systole (0.02 sec).
      • Atria contract (increase pressure), pump blood into ventricles, increase ventricular volume slightly.

    • Isometric Contraction (0.05 seconds):

      • QRS complex precedes mechanical ventricular systole (0.02 sec).
      • Ventricular contraction increases intraventricular pressure rapidly.
      • Prevents backflow into atria by closing atrioventricular (AV) valves.
      • Aortic/pulmonary valves stay closed, decreasing pressure in aorta/pulmonary artery.

    Cardiac Cycle Phases (Page 4 & Subsequent Pages)

    • Maximal Ejection Phase (0.15 seconds):

      • Intraventricular pressure exceeds aortic/pulmonary pressures.
      • Blood exits ventricles to aorta/pulmonary artery.
      • Ventricular volume decreases.

    • Reduced Ejection Phase (0.1 seconds):

      • Less blood exits ventricles.
      • Aortic/pulmonary pressures decrease blood leaving ventricles.
      • Intra-arterial pressure (continues to rise) due to venous return while AV valves are closed.

    • Protodiastolic Phase (0.04 seconds):

      • Brief period between ventricular systole end and closure of aortic/pulmonary valves.
      • Ventricular contraction stops.

    • Isometric Relaxation (0.06 seconds):

      • Ventricles relax, intraventricular pressure decreases below aortic/pulmonary pressure.
      • AV and semilunar valves close preventing backflow.

    • Rapid Filling (0.1 seconds):

      • Intra-atrial pressure exceeds ventricular pressure.
      • AV valves open, and blood passively flows from atria to ventricles.

    • Reduced Filling (0.2 seconds):

      • Ventricular pressure increases slightly.
      • Blood flow from atria to ventricles slows.

    Ventricular Volume Changes During Cardiac Cycle (Page 7)

    • Atrial systole: Ventricular volume increases.
    • Isometric contraction: Ventricular volume remains constant.
    • Maximal ejection: Ventricular volume decreases.
    • Reduced ejection: Ventricular volume decreases.
    • Protodiastolic: Ventricular volume remains constant.
    • Isometric relaxation: Ventricular volume remains constant.

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    Related Documents

    CVS 217 Theoretical PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the phases of the cardiac cycle, including protodiastole, isometric relaxation, and filling stages. This quiz covers key aspects such as systolic and diastolic pressures, atrial functions, and the timing of each phase. Perfect for students studying cardiovascular physiology.

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