Podcast
Questions and Answers
Where is the V1 electrode placed in ECG lead placement?
Where is the V1 electrode placed in ECG lead placement?
What is a common symptom of cardiac failure?
What is a common symptom of cardiac failure?
What is the purpose of jugular venous pressure assessment?
What is the purpose of jugular venous pressure assessment?
What is exercise intolerance a measure of?
What is exercise intolerance a measure of?
Signup and view all the answers
What is edema a sign of?
What is edema a sign of?
Signup and view all the answers
What is apical heave?
What is apical heave?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common symptom of Acute Coronary Syndrome?
What is a common symptom of Acute Coronary Syndrome?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a differential diagnosis for a patient with chest pain?
What is a differential diagnosis for a patient with chest pain?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic of a patient with Palpitations?
What is a characteristic of a patient with Palpitations?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common cause of Shortness of Breath?
What is a common cause of Shortness of Breath?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea/Orthopnea typically characterized by?
What is Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea/Orthopnea typically characterized by?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a symptom of Aortic dissection?
What is a symptom of Aortic dissection?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common symptom of Pneumothorax?
What is a common symptom of Pneumothorax?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a symptom of Tamponade?
What is a symptom of Tamponade?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Anatomical Structures and Physiological Functioning
- The cardiac cycle consists of a series of events that occur in a specific order.
- The cardiac conduction system is responsible for regulating the heartbeat.
Concerning Signs and Symptoms
- Chest pain can be a symptom of:
- Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), characterized by retrosternal, anterior chest pain, radiation, and discomfort.
- Pneumothorax, characterized by history of trauma, dyspnea, jugular venous pressure, and auscultatory findings.
- Tamponade, characterized by blood or effusion, hypotension, narrow pulse pressure, and auscultatory findings.
- Pulmonary embolus, characterized by sudden-onset dyspnea, tachypnea, pleuritic chest pain, tachycardia, and pulse oximetry.
- Aortic dissection, characterized by tearing, ripping, migrating, hypertension, and anatomical findings.
- Palpitations can be a symptom of:
- Atrial fibrillation, ischaemia, PSVT, POTS (Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome), and cardiac failure.
- Shortness of breath can be a symptom of:
- Acute conditions such as pulmonary embolus, pneumothorax, and ACS.
- Chronic conditions such as cardiac failure and infection.
- Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea/Orthopnea is characterized by:
- Wheezing or unproductive cough within 1-2 hours of being supine, resolving on position change.
- Edema can be a symptom of:
- Cardiac disease, renal disease, liver disease, and nutritional disease.
- Fatigue can be a symptom of:
- Exercise intolerance, shortness of breath, and somnolence.
Physical Assessment
- ECG lead placement:
- V1: 4th intercostal space to the right of the sternum.
- V2: 4th intercostal space to the left of the sternum.
- V3: Midway between V2 and V4.
- V4: 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line.
- V5: Anterior axillary line at the same level as V4.
- V6: Midaxillary line at the same level as V4 and V5.
- RL: Anywhere above the ankle and below the torso.
- RA: Anywhere between the shoulder and the elbow.
- LL: Anywhere above the ankle and below the torso.
- LA: Anywhere between the shoulder and the elbow.
- Cardiovascular assessment includes:
- Jugular Venous Pressure Assessment.
- Carotid, central, and peripheral pulse assessment.
- Thrills and Bruits.
- Cardiac Auscultation.
- Apical and Right Ventricular Heave.
- Peripheral signs.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers the cardiac cycle, cardiac conduction system, and signs and symptoms of chest pain, including Acute Coronary Syndrome and Pneumothorax.
