Cardiac Physiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

During isovolumetric contraction and relaxation, what happens to the volume of blood in the ventricles?

  • It increases due to ventricles contracting and building up pressure
  • It fluctuates with the opening and closing of the AV and SL valves
  • It does not change as all 4 valves are closed (correct)
  • It decreases as the ventricles are relaxing and pressure falls

    • What is the term for the volume left in the ventricles at the end of the contraction?

  • End-Systolic Volume (ESV) (correct)
  • End-Diastolic Volume (EDV)
  • Cardiac Output (CO)
  • Stroke Volume (SV)

    • What is the term for the volume ejected from the ventricles every beat?

  • Cardiac Output (CO)
  • End-Diastolic Volume (EDV)
  • End-Systolic Volume (ESV)
  • Stroke Volume (SV) (correct)

    • What is the formula for cardiac output (CO)?

    <p>CO = SV x HR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During isovolumetric relaxation, what happens to the ventricular pressure and the status of the valves?

    <p>Ventricular pressure drops, and both SL and AV valves are closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor determines the resistance the heart has to pump against?

    <p>Afterload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Frank-Starling law, an increase in preload should result in:

    <p>An increase in cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a negative inotrope?

    <p>High potassium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary determinant of cardiac output (CO) at rest?

    <p>Stroke volume (SV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the dicrotic notch in the arterial pressure waveform?

    <p>Closure of the semilunar valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about atrial systole?

    <p>Atria contract and push blood into the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'isovolumetric' mean in the context of ventricular contraction and relaxation?

    <p>Same volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary determinant of afterload?

    <p>Systemic vascular resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of cardiac function, what does the term 'preload' refer to?

    <p>Volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating stroke volume (SV)?

    <p>SV = EDV - ESV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of hypertension on the heart?

    <p>Increases afterload and resistance, making the heart work harder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the majority of blood flow to the heart occur?

    <p>During the diastolic phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of right coronary artery blockage?

    <p>Can impact pacemaker function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication can influence the plateau phase of the action potential in cardiac muscle?

    <p>Calcium channel blockers (CCB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of troponin in cardiac physiology?

    <p>Cardiac marker for MI and is released into circulation in case of muscle damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the SA node in the heart?

    <p>Acts as the heart's pacemaker with an unstable resting membrane potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does epinephrine (Epi) affect heart rate?

    <p>Increases heart rate by increasing the slope of action potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of exercise on cardiac physiology?

    <p>Improves cardiac output and oxygen utilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Through which vessel does venous circulation return to the heart?

    <p>Coronary sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of coronary circulation on the heart muscle?

    <p>Vital for providing nutrients and removing waste from the heart muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is coronary blood flow fastest?

    <p>When the heart is contracting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the cellular structure of cardiac muscle?

    <p>Contains intercalated discs and a high mitochondrial content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cardiac Physiology Key Points

    • Hypertension increases afterload and resistance, making the heart work harder
    • Exercise improves cardiac output and oxygen utilization
    • Coronary circulation is vital for providing nutrients and removing waste from the heart muscle
    • Majority of blood flow to the heart occurs during the diastolic phase
    • Coronary blood flow is fastest when the heart is contracting
    • Right coronary artery blockage can impact pacemaker function
    • Venous circulation returns to the heart through the coronary sinus
    • Cardiac muscle has a unique cellular structure with intercalated discs and a high mitochondrial content
    • Troponin is a cardiac marker for MI and is released into circulation in case of muscle damage
    • The heart has its own pacemaker, the SA node, with an unstable resting membrane potential
    • Epi increases heart rate by increasing the slope of action potentials
    • Medications like CCB, BB, and digoxin can influence the plateau phase of the action potential in cardiac muscle

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of cardiac physiology with this quiz. Explore key points such as the impact of hypertension, the role of exercise in cardiac output, coronary circulation, cardiac markers for MI, and the influence of medications on the action potential in cardiac muscle.

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