28 Questions
Which of the following formulas is used to calculate stroke volume (SV)?
SV = EDV - ESV
Which of the following is a measure of ventricular contractility?
Ejection fraction (EF)
In which type of heart failure is ejection fraction (EF) usually normal?
Diastolic heart failure
What is the Fick principle used to calculate?
Cardiac output (CO)
During early stages of exercise, cardiac output (CO) is primarily maintained by:
Increasing stroke volume (SV)
In which stage of exercise does cardiac output (CO) become primarily dependent on an increased heart rate (HR)?
Later stages
What happens to diastolic filling time, stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (CO) when heart rate (HR) increases significantly?
Diastolic filling time decreases, SV decreases, CO decreases
Pulse pressure (PP) is directly proportional to which of the following?
Stroke volume (SV)
Conditions that can increase pulse pressure (PP) include all of the following except:
Cardiogenic shock
Which equation represents the mean arterial pressure (MAP) calculation?
MAP = 2/3 DBP + 1/3 SBP
What does the Starling curve describe in relation to the heart?
The relationship between preload (ventricular end-diastolic volume) and stroke volume (CO)
Which factor is NOT associated with increasing myocardial contractility?
Myocardial infarction (MI)
What is the formula for calculating mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
MAP = 2/3 DBP + 1/3 SBP
What does the Starling curve describe?
The relationship between preload (ventricular end-diastolic volume) and stroke volume (CO)
Which factor is NOT associated with increasing myocardial contractility?
Myocardial infarction (MI)
What is the formula for calculating mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
MAP = 2/3 DBP + 1/3 SBP
What does the Starling curve describe?
The relationship between preload (ventricular end-diastolic volume) and stroke volume (CO)
Which factor is NOT associated with increasing myocardial contractility?
Myocardial infarction (MI)
During which phase of the left ventricle's cycle does the highest oxygen consumption occur?
Isovolumetric contraction
What is the primary cause of the S3 heart sound, which is heard during early diastole?
Increased atrial pressure
Which heart sound is associated with the 'atrial kick' during late diastole?
S4
In which position is the S3 heart sound best heard?
Left lateral decubitus
What is the typical location where the S1 heart sound is loudest?
Mitral area
What phase of the left ventricle's cycle occurs just before the mitral valve closes?
Reduced filling
The a wave in the jugular venous pulse corresponds to:
Atrial contraction
Which condition may result in a 'cannon a wave' in the jugular venous pulse?
Right heart failure
In which condition might you expect the x descent in the jugular venous pulse to be reduced or absent?
Tricuspid regurgitation
The y descent in the jugular venous pulse is absent in which cardiac condition?
Cardiac tamponade
This quiz will test your knowledge on cardiac physiology and heart failure. Learn about the formula for calculating stroke volume, measures of ventricular contractility, and the relationship between ejection fraction and heart failure.
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