Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which phase of the cardiac action potential is characterized by the closure of calcium channels and the efflux of potassium?
Which phase of the cardiac action potential is characterized by the closure of calcium channels and the efflux of potassium?
During the cardiac cycle, which ECG component reflects the electrical activity associated with the delay in the AV node?
During the cardiac cycle, which ECG component reflects the electrical activity associated with the delay in the AV node?
What is the primary ionic event during the depolarization phase of a cardiac cell?
What is the primary ionic event during the depolarization phase of a cardiac cell?
Where are the autorhythmic cells primarily located that act as the main pacemaker?
Where are the autorhythmic cells primarily located that act as the main pacemaker?
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Which of the following correctly describes the ionic movement associated with the resting state of a cardiac cell?
Which of the following correctly describes the ionic movement associated with the resting state of a cardiac cell?
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Which of the following best describes the physiological consequence of a tension pneumothorax?
Which of the following best describes the physiological consequence of a tension pneumothorax?
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What is the primary function of the central chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata?
What is the primary function of the central chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata?
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How does the administration of opiate-based pain relief affect the respiratory system during general anaesthesia?
How does the administration of opiate-based pain relief affect the respiratory system during general anaesthesia?
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In a patient with restrictive lung disease, which of these statements best describes the change in lung compliance and its consequence?
In a patient with restrictive lung disease, which of these statements best describes the change in lung compliance and its consequence?
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Which effect does the Trendelenburg position have on a patient's breathing?
Which effect does the Trendelenburg position have on a patient's breathing?
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Which of the following medications is MOST appropriate for treating hypotension not directly associated with cardiac arrest?
Which of the following medications is MOST appropriate for treating hypotension not directly associated with cardiac arrest?
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A patient is experiencing a severe anaphylactic reaction. In addition to administering oxygen and IV adrenaline, which of the following is the MOST appropriate immediate treatment?
A patient is experiencing a severe anaphylactic reaction. In addition to administering oxygen and IV adrenaline, which of the following is the MOST appropriate immediate treatment?
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During treatment of malignant hyperthermia, what is the PRIMARY purpose of inserting activated charcoal filters on the inspiratory and expiratory limbs of the circuit?
During treatment of malignant hyperthermia, what is the PRIMARY purpose of inserting activated charcoal filters on the inspiratory and expiratory limbs of the circuit?
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A patient with a known history of asthma develops bronchospasm after receiving an anesthetic. What is the MOST appropriate IMMEDIATE intravenous medication to administer?
A patient with a known history of asthma develops bronchospasm after receiving an anesthetic. What is the MOST appropriate IMMEDIATE intravenous medication to administer?
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Which medication is used specifically for local anaesthetic toxicity, particularly in severe cases presenting with cardiovascular collapse?
Which medication is used specifically for local anaesthetic toxicity, particularly in severe cases presenting with cardiovascular collapse?
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Which medication is BEST suited to reverse the effects of a non-shockable cardiac arrest?
Which medication is BEST suited to reverse the effects of a non-shockable cardiac arrest?
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Which ethical principle is MOST directly concerned with ensuring fair and equitable distribution of care during an emergency?
Which ethical principle is MOST directly concerned with ensuring fair and equitable distribution of care during an emergency?
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In a situation where a patient is unconscious and requires immediate medical intervention, under what ethical circumstance can a healthcare provider typically proceed without explicit consent?
In a situation where a patient is unconscious and requires immediate medical intervention, under what ethical circumstance can a healthcare provider typically proceed without explicit consent?
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When assessing a patient's capacity to provide informed consent, what is the MOST critical factor that must be satisfied?
When assessing a patient's capacity to provide informed consent, what is the MOST critical factor that must be satisfied?
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What is the primary legal distinction between a 'red form' and a 'purple form' in the context of Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR) orders?
What is the primary legal distinction between a 'red form' and a 'purple form' in the context of Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR) orders?
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According to the content, in what specific circumstance might a person's autonomy, regarding medical decisions, be justifiably overridden or removed?
According to the content, in what specific circumstance might a person's autonomy, regarding medical decisions, be justifiably overridden or removed?
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During a major haemorrhage, which physiological response is NOT a direct compensatory mechanism?
During a major haemorrhage, which physiological response is NOT a direct compensatory mechanism?
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Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial intervention after confirming a major haemorrhage?
Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial intervention after confirming a major haemorrhage?
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A patient with a major haemorrhage is not responding to standard treatments. Which haematological condition from Box A requires urgent liaison with a haematologist?
A patient with a major haemorrhage is not responding to standard treatments. Which haematological condition from Box A requires urgent liaison with a haematologist?
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According to the provided guidelines, what is the target level for fibrinogen in a patient experiencing major haemorrhage?
According to the provided guidelines, what is the target level for fibrinogen in a patient experiencing major haemorrhage?
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A 10 year-old child, weighing 30kg, requires a bolus dose of 10% calcium chloride for a major haemorrhage. What is the correct dose?
A 10 year-old child, weighing 30kg, requires a bolus dose of 10% calcium chloride for a major haemorrhage. What is the correct dose?
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In a non-obstetric major haemorrhage, what is the correct IV infusion rate for tranexamic acid (TXA) post bolus, according to the guidelines?
In a non-obstetric major haemorrhage, what is the correct IV infusion rate for tranexamic acid (TXA) post bolus, according to the guidelines?
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Which of these drug options will assist in stabilising the clotting process during a major haemorrhage?
Which of these drug options will assist in stabilising the clotting process during a major haemorrhage?
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A patient experiencing a major haemorrhage with a low platelet count. What blood product will directly address this?
A patient experiencing a major haemorrhage with a low platelet count. What blood product will directly address this?
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Which zone of a burn injury is characterized by decreased tissue perfusion and the potential for it to become irreversible?
Which zone of a burn injury is characterized by decreased tissue perfusion and the potential for it to become irreversible?
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What is the primary systemic response that begins when a burn affects approximately 30% of the body's tissue area?
What is the primary systemic response that begins when a burn affects approximately 30% of the body's tissue area?
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What physiological change underlies the peripheral and splanchnic vasoconstriction observed in burn patients?
What physiological change underlies the peripheral and splanchnic vasoconstriction observed in burn patients?
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What is the primary respiratory consequence for a burn patient experiencing bronchospasm?
What is the primary respiratory consequence for a burn patient experiencing bronchospasm?
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Why does insulin resistance occur in burn patients?
Why does insulin resistance occur in burn patients?
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What is the primary purpose of aggressive enteral feeding in burn patients?
What is the primary purpose of aggressive enteral feeding in burn patients?
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What is the underlying cause of the lethal triad in burn patients?
What is the underlying cause of the lethal triad in burn patients?
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Which of the following is a primary concern regarding burns around the mouth?
Which of the following is a primary concern regarding burns around the mouth?
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Why is it important to replace lost fluid volume with warmed IV fluids in burn patients?
Why is it important to replace lost fluid volume with warmed IV fluids in burn patients?
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What is the significance of arterial blood gas (ABG) monitoring in burn patients?
What is the significance of arterial blood gas (ABG) monitoring in burn patients?
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Which of the following is the PRIMARY antibody involved in the pathophysiology of anaphylaxis?
Which of the following is the PRIMARY antibody involved in the pathophysiology of anaphylaxis?
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During anaphylaxis, a large release of histamine causes vasodilation which has what effect on blood pressure?
During anaphylaxis, a large release of histamine causes vasodilation which has what effect on blood pressure?
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What is the primary effect of histamine on the bronchioles during an anaphylactic reaction?
What is the primary effect of histamine on the bronchioles during an anaphylactic reaction?
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Which of the following most accurately describes the cardiovascular changes associated with severe anaphylaxis?
Which of the following most accurately describes the cardiovascular changes associated with severe anaphylaxis?
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Which of these mediators is responsible for increased vascular permeability in anaphylaxis?
Which of these mediators is responsible for increased vascular permeability in anaphylaxis?
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What is the primary rationale for administering intramuscular adrenaline (epinephrine) during anaphylactic shock?
What is the primary rationale for administering intramuscular adrenaline (epinephrine) during anaphylactic shock?
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What type of fluid is used via a bolus during anaphylaxis and why?
What type of fluid is used via a bolus during anaphylaxis and why?
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How does the loss of intravascular volume directly impact the cardiovascular system during anaphylaxis?
How does the loss of intravascular volume directly impact the cardiovascular system during anaphylaxis?
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In the context of anaphylaxis, which of the following processes contributes most directly to airway obstruction?
In the context of anaphylaxis, which of the following processes contributes most directly to airway obstruction?
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What is the primary function of mast cells in anaphylaxis?
What is the primary function of mast cells in anaphylaxis?
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Study Notes
Four Main Ethical Principles
- Autonomy
- Justice
- Non-maleficence
- Beneficence
Emergency and Complex Care
- Best Interest
- Autonomy
- Consent - verbal, written or implied
- Informed Consent - Competent, sufficient information, able to ask questions, given opportunity to consider
- No intent to harm
- Jehovah's intent to harm
Lacks Capacity
- Do everything possible to help them understand
DNR - Purple Form/Red Form
- Advanced directive - what they don't want
- Red form - agreed with patient and doctor/family
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Description
Test your knowledge of cardiac action potentials, the electrical activity during the cardiac cycle, and the roles of various receptors in respiration. This quiz includes questions about ionic movements, respiratory system implications, and more, focusing on key concepts in cardiac and respiratory physiology.
