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Questions and Answers
What is the major macronutrient in most human diets?
What is the major macronutrient in most human diets?
- Carbohydrates (correct)
- Vitamins
- Fats
- Proteins
What is used to absorb glucose into enterocytes?
What is used to absorb glucose into enterocytes?
- Free energy of the calcium gradient
- Free energy of the magnesium gradient
- Free energy of the sodium gradient (correct)
- Free energy of the potassium gradient
What does the glycemic index measure?
What does the glycemic index measure?
- The effect of ingesting a standard amount of fiber on blood glucose
- The effect of ingesting a standard amount of carbohydrate on blood glucose (correct)
- The effect of ingesting a standard amount of protein on blood glucose
- The effect of ingesting a standard amount of fat on blood glucose
What benefits have been associated with low GI/GL diets?
What benefits have been associated with low GI/GL diets?
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What does the glucose tolerance test measure?
What does the glucose tolerance test measure?
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What can hyperglycemia cause?
What can hyperglycemia cause?
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What does glycated hemoglobin give a good indication of?
What does glycated hemoglobin give a good indication of?
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What causes Type I diabetes mellitus?
What causes Type I diabetes mellitus?
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Study Notes
- Carbohydrates are the major macronutrient in most human diets.
- Glucose is absorbed into enterocytes using the free energy of the sodium gradient.
- Glycaemic index measures the effect of ingesting a standard amount of carbohydrate on blood glucose.
- Low GI/GL diets have been associated with several benefits.
- Glucose tolerance test measures the response to a glucose load.
- Hyperglycaemia can cause non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, leading to AGE accumulation.
- Glycated haemoglobin gives a good indication of average glycaemia in a patient.
- Type I diabetes mellitus is caused by autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic β cells.
- Type II diabetes mellitus is caused by a combination of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion.
- In the fed state, glucose uptake by many tissues.
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