Carbohydrates: Types, Functions, and Importance

Types of Carbohydrates

• Simple Carbohydrates (Sugars):
  • Monosaccharides: glucose, fructose, galactose
  • Disaccharides: sucrose (table sugar), lactose (milk sugar), maltose
• Complex Carbohydrates (Polysaccharides):
  • Oligosaccharides: raffinose, stachyose
  • Polysaccharides: starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin

Functions of Carbohydrates

• Energy Source: primary source of energy for the body
• Structural Role: provide structure and support for cells and tissues
• Protective Function: fiber helps prevent constipation and supports healthy gut bacteria

Sources of Carbohydrates

• Plant-based Sources: fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes
• Animal-based Sources: dairy products, honey

Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates

• Mouth: salivary amylase breaks down starch into maltose
• Small Intestine: pancreatic amylase and brush border enzymes break down carbohydrates into monosaccharides
• Absorption: monosaccharides absorbed into bloodstream and transported to cells

Importance of Carbohydrates

• Brain Function: glucose is the primary source of energy for the brain
• Red Blood Cell Function: glucose is necessary for red blood cell production
• Physical Performance: carbohydrates provide energy for muscles during exercise

Learn about the different types of carbohydrates, their functions in the body, and their importance for energy, brain function, and physical performance. Discover the sources of carbohydrates and how they are digested and absorbed.