Biology: Carbohydrates Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are the three types of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides

How many monomers do monosaccharides have?

How many monomers do disaccharides have?

How many monomers do polysaccharides have?

Many (hundreds or thousands) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a carbohydrate?

Short-term energy storage Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of a carbohydrate?

Cell walls Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of carbohydrates?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What two lab tests are used for carbohydrates?

Benedict's reagent and iodine Signup and view all the answers

What is dehydration synthesis?

A chemical reaction in which two molecules combine to form a new molecule, releasing water in the process Signup and view all the answers

What does a saturated fat molecule look like?

A molecule with no double bonds, resulting in a straight chain Signup and view all the answers

What does an unsaturated fat look like?

A molecule with one or more double bonds, resulting in a kinked or bent chain Signup and view all the answers

What is a triglyceride?

A molecule composed of three fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol molecule Signup and view all the answers

What is a steroid?

A type of lipid with a characteristic four-ring structure Signup and view all the answers

What is a phospholipid?

A type of lipid with a phosphate group attached to a glycerol molecule Signup and view all the answers

What are the secondary structures of proteins?

Alpha helix and beta pleated sheets Signup and view all the answers

How are organic molecules related to all living things?

Organic molecules are the molecules that can only be synthesized by living things Signup and view all the answers

What are the four categories of organic molecules that form the basis of all living things?

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids Signup and view all the answers

What element are all organic molecules based on?

Carbon Signup and view all the answers

What is the backbone of many organic molecules?

Hydrocarbons (carbon backbone with hydrogens attached) Signup and view all the answers

How are the building blocks of organic molecules like bricks?

They are put together in a repeating pattern, much like a wall is built with a repeating pattern of bricks Signup and view all the answers

What is the building block of each of the four classes of organic molecules?

Monomers (monosaccharides, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides) Signup and view all the answers

What is a polymer?

A large molecule made up of repeating subunits called monomers Signup and view all the answers

What determines how organic molecules will look and behave?

Their structure determines their function Signup and view all the answers

What are the four common characteristics of all organic molecules?

Contain carbon, made of monomers, they are polymers, can be synthesized only by living things Signup and view all the answers

What are the elements contained in carbohydrates?

C, H, O in a 1:2:1 ratio (ex. C6H12O6) Signup and view all the answers

What is the building block of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

What is a monosaccharide?

A 6-carbon or 5-carbon simple sugar Signup and view all the answers

What does a monosaccharide look like?

A hexagon Signup and view all the answers

What is a disaccharide?

A carbohydrate with 2 subunits Signup and view all the answers

How does a polysaccharide differ from a disaccharide?

A polysaccharide has hundreds of subunits, while a disaccharide only has two Signup and view all the answers

What are the three classes of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides Signup and view all the answers

Which involves food storage in plants?

Starch Signup and view all the answers

Which involves food storage in animals?

Glycogen Signup and view all the answers

What is cellulose used for?

Cell wall of plants Signup and view all the answers

Why would an athlete have a big pasta dinner the night before a race?

To store up lots of energy Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are composed of three types: Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides.
Monosaccharides have 1 monomer, disaccharides have 2 monomers, and polysaccharides have 3 or more monomers.
The primary function of carbohydrates is short-term energy storage.
The structure of carbohydrates is found in cell walls.
Examples of carbohydrates include glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, and starch.
Benedict's reagent and iodine are two lab tests used to identify carbohydrates.

Carbohydrate Structure

Monosaccharides are 6-carbon or 5-carbon simple sugars, such as glucose and fructose.
Monosaccharides have a hexagonal structure.
Disaccharides are composed of two subunits, such as sucrose and maltose.
Polysaccharides have hundreds of subunits, such as starch and glycogen.

Functions of Carbohydrates

Starch is used for food storage in plants.
Glycogen is used for food storage in animals.
Cellulose is used for the cell wall of plants.

Lipids

Saturated fat molecules have a straight structure with no tilt at the end.
Unsaturated fat molecules have a tilt at the end.
Triglycerides are molecules with three branches.
Phospholipid molecules have a triangular structure with a cylinder on top.

Proteins

The secondary structures of proteins are alpha helix and beta pleated sheets.
Steroids have a polymer structure with beta pleated sheets.

Organic Molecules

Organic molecules are synthesized by living things and are based on the element carbon.
The four categories of organic molecules are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Monomers, such as monosaccharides, fatty acids, amino acids, and nucleotides, are the building blocks of organic molecules.
Polymers are large molecules made up of repeating subunits called monomers.
The structure of organic molecules determines their function.
The four common characteristics of all organic molecules are that they contain carbon, are made of monomers, are polymers, and can be synthesized only by living things.

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Description

Test your knowledge on carbohydrates, including types, monomers, and functions. This quiz covers the basics of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.