Carbohydrates: Starch, Cellulose & Energy Storage

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Which statement correctly distinguishes between starch and cellulose?

Starch is composed of glucose monomers in a branched arrangement, while cellulose consists of linear chains of glucose. (correct)
Starch is a monosaccharide, while cellulose is a disaccharide.
Starch is primarily used for structural support in animals, whereas cellulose is an energy storage molecule in plants.
Starch cannot be digested by humans, while cellulose is readily digestible and a primary energy source.

The primary function of glycogen in animals is to serve as a readily available, short-term energy source that is converted into starch when needed for long-term storage.

False (B)

Explain how the consumption of cellulose benefits human health, even though it is not digestible.

Cellulose, as a dietary fiber, aids intestinal muscle movement, removes toxic chemicals, lowers cholesterol, and regulates blood pressure

The process of converting starch into rectified spirit involves _________.

fermentation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following carbohydrates with their primary source:

Sucrose = Sugarcane Lactose = Milk Cellulose = Cotton Starch = Potato Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a valid observation about the relationship between glucose, fructose, and galactose?

They are structural isomers, sharing the same molecular formula but exhibiting distinct structural arrangements. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Disaccharides, such as sucrose and lactose, directly provide energy to cells without requiring further breakdown, making them more efficient energy sources than monosaccharides.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of carbohydrates in both short-term and long-term energy storage within biological systems.

Monosaccharides like glucose are used for immediate energy, while polysaccharides like starch (in plants) and glycogen (in animals) provide long-term storage. Signup and view all the answers

When starch undergoes processing, it can be transformed into ________, which is utilized as an adhesive in applications such as stamps and wallpaper.

dextrin Signup and view all the answers

Why are cows, cattle, goats and other ruminants able to derive nutrition from cellulose, while humans cannot?

Ruminants possess digestive systems with symbiotic microorganisms that can break down cellulose, whereas humans lack these microorganisms. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Polysaccharides

Polymers formed from hundreds or thousands of simple sugar units.

Polysaccharide Examples

Starch and cellulose are examples of this type of carbohydrate.