20 Questions
Which type of carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for brain, erythrocytes, and retinal cells in humans?
Polysaccharides
What are the major types of biochemical substances that make up the mass composition data for the human body?
Carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids
What is the primary storage form of carbohydrates in the human body?
Glycogen
Which group of disease states involving carbohydrates includes abnormally high blood sugar levels?
Hyperglycemia
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in organisms?
Providing energy
What is the general formula for a carbohydrate?
Cx(H2O)y
What is the common function of carbohydrates in humans?
Providing energy and serving as a short-term energy reserve
Based on the new definition, what are carbohydrates?
Aldehyde or ketone derivatives of polyhydric alcohols
How are carbohydrates classified based on the number of carbons in the molecule?
Trioses contain three carbons, tetroses contain four, pentoses contain five, and hexoses contain six
What is the significance of the 1:2 ratio of hydrogen and oxygen in carbohydrates according to the old definition?
The French called them 'Hydrates de Carbone'
What is the primary structure of proteins?
Polypeptide chains
In what form do amino acids primarily exist in aqueous solution?
Zwitterions
What is the function of the side chain (R) in amino acids?
Determines the chemical properties of the amino acid
How many different amino acids occur in nature?
300
What type of bonding links amino acids together in a protein?
Peptide bond
Which class of amino acids contains nonpolar and hydrophobic R groups?
Nonpolar, Aliphatic R Groups
Which amino acid is known for its nonpolar thioether group in its side chain?
Methionine
Which amino acid can form hydrogen bonds due to its hydroxyl group?
Tyrosine
Which class of amino acids contains R groups that are more soluble in water?
Polar, Uncharged R Groups
Which amino acid is readily oxidized to form a covalently linked dimeric amino acid called cystine?
Cysteine
Test your knowledge of the fundamental principles of carbohydrates including classification of mono-, di-, and polysaccharides, identification of aldoses and ketoses, differentiation between D and L sugars, and understanding the structures of D-glucose, D-galactose, and D-fructose.
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