Biochemistry 1: Chemistry of Monosaccharides
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Questions and Answers

Which functional groups are commonly found in carbohydrates?

  • Amine and carboxyl groups
  • Aldehyde and keto groups (correct)
  • Alkene and alkane groups
  • Amide and ester groups

What is the empirical formula of carbohydrates?

  • C2H4O2
  • CH2O (correct)
  • C3H6O3
  • C6H12O6

Which category of carbohydrates includes the most abundant compounds found in nature?

  • Oligosaccharides
  • Disaccharides
  • Monosaccharides
  • Polysaccharides (correct)

How many carbon atoms are present in a hexose?

<p>6 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about D-glyceraldehyde?

<p>It is the simplest aldose sugar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are monosaccharides classified based on the number of carbon atoms?

<p>By the prefix and suffix used in their nomenclature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines whether a sugar belongs to the D or L series?

<p>The orientation of the —H and —OH groups around the terminal primary alcohol carbon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of fructose is naturally occurring?

<p>D(–) isomer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What confers optical activity on a compound?

<p>Presence of asymmetric carbon atoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of isomers are mannose and galactose to glucose?

<p>Epimers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common configuration for monosaccharides occurring in mammals?

<p>D(–) isomer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines if a sugar is a D isomer or an L isomer?

<p>-OH orientation on the right side (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are sugars naturally occurring in the L form?

<p>-L-Arabinose and L-Fucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sugar naturally occurs in the D(+) isomer form?

<p>-Dextrose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sugar solution may be designated as dextrose?

<p>-Ribose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the empirical formula for carbohydrates?

<p>CH2O (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which functional groups are commonly found in carbohydrates?

<p>Alcohol and ketone groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines if a sugar belongs to the D or L series?

<p>The arrangement of functional groups around the chiral carbon farthest from the carbonyl group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are monosaccharides classified based on the number of carbon atoms?

<p>By the number of carbon atoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of carbons are related to D&L forms and produce epimers when the orientation of –OH group around them changes?

<p>Middle carbons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the simplest of the aldoses (aldotriose)?

<p>D-glyceraldehyde (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the variable prefix followed by the suffix (-ose) for sugars with 5 carbon atoms?

<p>Pentoses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of fructose is naturally occurring?

<p>D(–) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sugar naturally occurs in the L form?

<p>Arabinose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines whether a sugar belongs to the D or L series?

<p>Orientation of –OH and –H groups around the carbon atom adjacent to the terminal primary alcohol carbon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What confers optical activity on a compound?

<p>Presence of asymmetric carbon atoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of carbohydrates includes the most abundant compounds found in nature?

<p>Polysaccharides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines if a sugar is a D isomer or an L isomer?

<p>Orientation of –OH and –H groups around the carbon atom adjacent to the terminal primary alcohol carbon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the variable prefix followed by the suffix (-ose) for sugars with 3 carbon atoms?

<p>Trioses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is used to determine the spatial relationship of a sugar isomer to the parent compound glycerose?

<p>Spatial comparison to glycerose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are monosaccharides classified by, based on the nature of functional group?

<p>Aldoses or ketoses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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