Biochemistry 1: Chemistry of Monosaccharides
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Questions and Answers

Which functional groups are commonly found in carbohydrates?

  • Amine and carboxyl groups
  • Aldehyde and keto groups (correct)
  • Alkene and alkane groups
  • Amide and ester groups

    • What is the empirical formula of carbohydrates?

  • C2H4O2
  • CH2O (correct)
  • C3H6O3
  • C6H12O6

    • Which category of carbohydrates includes the most abundant compounds found in nature?

  • Oligosaccharides
  • Disaccharides
  • Monosaccharides
  • Polysaccharides (correct)

    • How many carbon atoms are present in a hexose?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about D-glyceraldehyde?

    <p>It is the simplest aldose sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are monosaccharides classified based on the number of carbon atoms?

    <p>By the prefix and suffix used in their nomenclature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether a sugar belongs to the D or L series?

    <p>The orientation of the —H and —OH groups around the terminal primary alcohol carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of fructose is naturally occurring?

    <p>D(–) isomer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What confers optical activity on a compound?

    <p>Presence of asymmetric carbon atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of isomers are mannose and galactose to glucose?

    <p>Epimers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common configuration for monosaccharides occurring in mammals?

    <p>D(–) isomer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines if a sugar is a D isomer or an L isomer?

    <p>-OH orientation on the right side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are sugars naturally occurring in the L form?

    <p>-L-Arabinose and L-Fucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sugar naturally occurs in the D(+) isomer form?

    <p>-Dextrose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sugar solution may be designated as dextrose?

    <p>-Ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the empirical formula for carbohydrates?

    <p>CH2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional groups are commonly found in carbohydrates?

    <p>Alcohol and ketone groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines if a sugar belongs to the D or L series?

    <p>The arrangement of functional groups around the chiral carbon farthest from the carbonyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are monosaccharides classified based on the number of carbon atoms?

    <p>By the number of carbon atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of carbons are related to D&L forms and produce epimers when the orientation of –OH group around them changes?

    <p>Middle carbons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the simplest of the aldoses (aldotriose)?

    <p>D-glyceraldehyde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the variable prefix followed by the suffix (-ose) for sugars with 5 carbon atoms?

    <p>Pentoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of fructose is naturally occurring?

    <p>D(–)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sugar naturally occurs in the L form?

    <p>Arabinose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether a sugar belongs to the D or L series?

    <p>Orientation of –OH and –H groups around the carbon atom adjacent to the terminal primary alcohol carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What confers optical activity on a compound?

    <p>Presence of asymmetric carbon atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of carbohydrates includes the most abundant compounds found in nature?

    <p>Polysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines if a sugar is a D isomer or an L isomer?

    <p>Orientation of –OH and –H groups around the carbon atom adjacent to the terminal primary alcohol carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the variable prefix followed by the suffix (-ose) for sugars with 3 carbon atoms?

    <p>Trioses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to determine the spatial relationship of a sugar isomer to the parent compound glycerose?

    <p>Spatial comparison to glycerose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are monosaccharides classified by, based on the nature of functional group?

    <p>Aldoses or ketoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

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