12 Questions
What is the name of the carbon that is linked to four different atoms or groups farthest from the carbonyl carbon?
Chiral carbon
Which of the following is NOT considered a monosaccharide?
Sucrose
What is the term used to describe molecules that have the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space?
Isomers
Which of the following is the universal fuel for human cells?
Glucose
Which of the following pairs of monosaccharides are correctly identified?
Glucose and fructose
What is the term used to describe sugars that differ in configuration at only one position?
Epimers
What is the major source of carbohydrates?
Plants
Which of the following is NOT a type of monosaccharide based on the number of carbon atoms?
Nonose
What is the primary distinguishing factor between aldoses and ketoses?
The presence of an aldehyde group or a ketone group
Which of the following statements about monosaccharides is correct?
They cannot be hydrolyzed to simpler forms
What is the most important monosaccharide from a biomedical point of view?
Glucose
Which of the following statements about glucose is NOT true?
It has a ketone group
Study Notes
Isomers
- Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms in space.
- Examples of isomers include glucose, fructose, galactose, and mannose, which have the same chemical formula C6H12O6.
Epimers
- Epimers are sugars that differ in configuration at only one position.
- They are a type of isomer.
Asymmetric Carbon
- Asymmetric carbon, also known as chiral carbon, is a carbon atom linked to four different atoms or groups.
- It is the farthest from the carbonyl carbon.
Monosaccharides
- Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates.
- They contain only one sugar group and cannot be hydrolyzed to simpler forms.
- Examples of monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose.
- They can be classified based on the number of carbon atoms (e.g., triose, tetrose, pentose) and the presence of an aldehyde or ketone group (e.g., aldoses, ketoses).
Glucose
- Glucose is the universal fuel for human cells.
- It is an aldohexose, with an aldehyde group on C1, a hexose, and a polyhydroxy compound.
- It has a primary alcohol group on the 6th carbon and a straight chain/open chain projection formula.
Importance of Glucose
- From a biomedical point of view, glucose is the most important monosaccharide.
- It is a crucial source of energy for human cells.
Test your knowledge of carbohydrates classification including monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Learn about the different types of sugars and their structures.
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