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Questions and Answers
Monosaccharides are characterized by a sweet taste and have several polar-______ groups.
Monosaccharides are characterized by a sweet taste and have several polar-______ groups.
OH
Disaccharides are formed by bonding two sugar units together through ______ reactions.
Disaccharides are formed by bonding two sugar units together through ______ reactions.
condensation
Starch is mainly composed of two components: ______ and amylopectin.
Starch is mainly composed of two components: ______ and amylopectin.
amylose
Glycogen serves as an energy storage reserve in animals, particularly in the ______ and muscles.
Glycogen serves as an energy storage reserve in animals, particularly in the ______ and muscles.
Cellulose is composed of long chains of β-D-______ units linked by β(1→4) glycosidic bonds.
Cellulose is composed of long chains of β-D-______ units linked by β(1→4) glycosidic bonds.
Glycogen features a highly branched, tree-like structure that allows for ______ glucose mobilization.
Glycogen features a highly branched, tree-like structure that allows for ______ glucose mobilization.
Starch is found in root vegetables like potatoes and ______.
Starch is found in root vegetables like potatoes and ______.
Cellulose contributes to the ______ resistance capability of plants.
Cellulose contributes to the ______ resistance capability of plants.
Flashcards
Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides
Simple sugars, the basic units of carbohydrates, characterized by a single sugar unit.
Disaccharides
Disaccharides
Double sugars formed by chemically bonding two monosaccharides together in condensation reactions.
Starch
Starch
Storage polysaccharide in plants, consisting of amylose and amylopectin, storing energy.
Glycogen
Glycogen
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Cellulose
Cellulose
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Amylose
Amylose
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Amylopectin
Amylopectin
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Alpha-glycosidic bonds
Alpha-glycosidic bonds
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Study Notes
Monosaccharides
- Simple sugars, the simplest carbohydrates
- Sweet taste
- Soluble in water due to many polar hydroxyl (-OH) groups
Examples of Monosaccharides
- Glucose
- Ribose
- Deoxyribose
- Fructose
- Galactose
Disaccharides
- Two sugar units bonded together
- Formed through condensation reactions (loss of water)
Examples of Disaccharides
- Maltose (glucose + glucose)
- Sucrose (glucose + fructose)
- Lactose (glucose + galactose)
Polysaccharides
- Many sugar units bonded together
- Important for energy storage and structural support in living organisms
- Energy-storage polysaccharides are broken down into monosaccharides for cellular processes
Starch
- Energy storage in plants
- Two main components:
- Amylose (linear chain of α-glucose)
- Amylopectin (branched chain of α-glucose)
- Slow release of glucose, important for steady energy supply
- Found in: potatoes, grains, legumes, seeds
Glycogen
- Energy storage in animals
- Highly branched chain of α-glucose
- Rapid release of glucose, important for quick energy demand
- Found in: liver and muscles of animals
Cellulose
- Structural component in plant cell walls
- Long chains of β-glucose bonded together
- Provides structural support and rigidity
- Not digestible by humans, acts as dietary fiber
- Found in: plants, fruits, vegetables, whole grains
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