29 Questions
What is the characteristic feature of a pyranose?
It is a six-membered ring monosaccharide
What determines the degree of sweetness of various sugars?
The number and arrangement of hydroxyl groups in their molecular structure
What is the name of the simplest sugar?
Glyceraldehyde
What is the term for a five-membered ring monosaccharide?
Furanose
What is the most abundant naturally-occurring carbohydrate?
D-glucose
What is the configuration assumed by pyranose sugars due to the tetrahedral nature of carbon bonds?
Chair or boat
What is the result of the reaction between the C1 aldehyde and C5 -OH in glucose?
Formation of a 6-member pyranose ring
What is the type of ring formed in fructose when the C2 keto group reacts with the OH on C5?
5-member furanose ring
What is the term for the two stereoisomers formed during cyclization of glucose?
Anomeric isomers
What is the characteristic of aldehyde sugars that makes them readily oxidized?
Ability to react with Benedict's reagent
What is the purpose of sugar alcohols in food processing?
To improve the shelf life of food by preventing moisture loss
What is the result of the reduction of sugars?
Yields the sugar alcohols (alditols)
What percentage of sucrose is equivalent to the sweetness of galactose?
33
What is the classification of oligosaccharides based on the number of monosaccharide units?
Trisaccharide: 3 monomers, Tetrasaccharide: 4 monomers
What are the components of raffinose?
Galactose + glucose + fructose
What is the composition of stachyose?
2 galactoses + glucose + fructose
What is the term for oligosaccharides that are not digestible by humans?
Non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs)
What is verbascose composed of?
3 galactoses + glucose + fructose
Which disaccharide is derived from sweet potatoes?
Maltose
What is the relative sweetness of fructose compared to sucrose?
1.73
Which of the following is NOT a natural source of sucrose?
Milk
What is the bond type between the monosaccharide constituents in cellobiose?
β, (1, 4)
What is the relative sweetness of lactose compared to sucrose?
0.16
What is the primary function of starch in plants?
Energy storage
Which of the following polysaccharides is classified based on its monosaccharide unit as galactose?
Galactan
What is the term for a polysaccharide chain with a straight chain of monosaccharides?
Linear polysaccharide
What is the primary source of starch in our diet?
Cereals, potatoes, corn, and rice
What determines the functionality of polysaccharides?
The arrangement of monomers in the polysaccharide
What type of polysaccharide is glycogen?
Branched polysaccharide
Identify the types of carbohydrates based on the number of carbon atoms and functional groups. Includes examples of aldoses and ketoses.
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