Carbohydrates Basics

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What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the human body?

To regulate body temperature

To supply energy to the body (correct)

To synthesize proteins

To provide structural support to cells

What is the name of the smallest carbohydrate, which is a triose?

Glycogen

Fructose

Glucose

Glyceraldehyde (correct)

Where are carbohydrates primarily stored in the body?

In the heart

In the liver and muscle (correct)

In the brain

In the kidneys

What is the predominant form of sugars found in humans?

D-form Signup and view all the answers

What is the general formula for carbohydrates?

Cx(H2O)y Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a carbohydrate with a terminal carbonyl group?

Aldose Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional group present in carbohydrates?

C=O Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of carbon atoms in a pentose?

5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a carbohydrate with three carbon atoms?

Triose Signup and view all the answers

Which carbohydrate has six carbon atoms?

Hexose Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the carbohydrate with the fewest carbon atoms?

Glyceraldehyde Signup and view all the answers

How many carbon atoms are present in a tetrose?

4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which glucose molecules are converted to pyruvate or lactate for energy production?

Glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the formation of glucose-6-phosphate from non-carbohydrate sources?

Gluconeogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the breakdown of glycogen to glucose for use as energy called?

Glycogenolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage called?

Glycogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the decomposition of fat called?

Lipolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of glucose conversion in the presence of insulin via the EMP pathway?

CO2 and H2O Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of glycolysis in the EMP pathway?

2 moles of pyruvate Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of synthesizing glucose from amino acids, glycerol, lactate, and pyruvate called?

Gluconeogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of converting glycogen to glucose in the liver called?

Glycogenolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of converting excess glycogen into fat called?

Lipogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the breakdown of triglycerides with the formation of ketone bodies called?

Lipolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of insulin in the body?

To regulate glucose metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of high sugar levels in the blood?

Hyperglycemia Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for increasing plasma glucose?

Glucagon Signup and view all the answers

What happens to glucose when it is absorbed by the small intestine?

It is used by the cells to derive energy Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the pancreas produces insulin?

The middle portion Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of epinephrine in response to stress?

To increase plasma glucose Signup and view all the answers

Where are the chromatin cells that secrete epinephrine located?

Adrenal medulla Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of epinephrine?

Physical and emotional stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the adrenal glands?

At the top of the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of epinephrine?

Hormone Signup and view all the answers

Where is cortisol produced in the body?

Adrenal cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which cortisol provides the body with glucose during stressful conditions?

Gluconeogenesis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells in the zona fasciculata release cortisol?

Spongiocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of glucose that cortisol taps into during stressful conditions?

Protein stores Signup and view all the answers

In which organ does cortisol stimulate the process of gluconeogenesis?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

What gland is responsible for secreting growth hormone?

Anterior pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the resulting hormone when three iodine atoms are bound to thyroglobulin?

Triiodothyronine Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of somatostatin on plasma glucose levels?

Increases plasma glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

Where are the D-cells located in the pancreas?

Between the location of A-cells and B-cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the precursor molecule that is iodinated to form thyroxine?

Tyrosine Signup and view all the answers

Carbohydrates Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the human body?

What is the name of the smallest carbohydrate, which is a triose?

Where are carbohydrates primarily stored in the body?

What is the predominant form of sugars found in humans?

What is the general formula for carbohydrates?

What is the term for a carbohydrate with a terminal carbonyl group?

What is the functional group present in carbohydrates?

What is the number of carbon atoms in a pentose?

What is the term for a carbohydrate with three carbon atoms?

Which carbohydrate has six carbon atoms?

What is the name of the carbohydrate with the fewest carbon atoms?

How many carbon atoms are present in a tetrose?

What is the process by which glucose molecules are converted to pyruvate or lactate for energy production?

Which process involves the formation of glucose-6-phosphate from non-carbohydrate sources?

What is the breakdown of glycogen to glucose for use as energy called?

What is the conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage called?

What is the decomposition of fat called?

What is the byproduct of glucose conversion in the presence of insulin via the EMP pathway?

What is the product of glycolysis in the EMP pathway?

What is the process of synthesizing glucose from amino acids, glycerol, lactate, and pyruvate called?

What is the process of converting glycogen to glucose in the liver called?

What is the process of converting excess glycogen into fat called?

What is the breakdown of triglycerides with the formation of ketone bodies called?

What is the primary function of insulin in the body?

What is the result of high sugar levels in the blood?

Which hormone is responsible for increasing plasma glucose?

What happens to glucose when it is absorbed by the small intestine?

Which part of the pancreas produces insulin?

What is the function of epinephrine in response to stress?

Where are the chromatin cells that secrete epinephrine located?

What triggers the release of epinephrine?

What is the location of the adrenal glands?

What is the classification of epinephrine?

Where is cortisol produced in the body?

What is the process by which cortisol provides the body with glucose during stressful conditions?

Which type of cells in the zona fasciculata release cortisol?

What is the source of glucose that cortisol taps into during stressful conditions?

In which organ does cortisol stimulate the process of gluconeogenesis?

What gland is responsible for secreting growth hormone?

What is the resulting hormone when three iodine atoms are bound to thyroglobulin?

What is the effect of somatostatin on plasma glucose levels?

Where are the D-cells located in the pancreas?

What is the precursor molecule that is iodinated to form thyroxine?

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