Carbohydrates and Biofuels Quiz

The most basic form of sugar, a single sugar unit.

Two monosaccharides linked together.

A carbohydrate made up of many sugar units.

The bond that joins sugar units together.

Converting plant sugars (usually sucrose) into ethanol through fermentation.

The process of breaking down cellulose for energy.

Easy breakdown of starch into glucose and maltose using enzymes.

An alcohol fuel source produced from plant materials.

Collecting sap from certain palm trees, boiling it, and then concentrating into a form of sugar.

A type of sugar made from palm sap.

Sugar made from the sap of sugar maple trees.

Sweet substances derived from plants, unlike artificial sweeteners.

A plant-based sweetener extracted from leaves, intensely sweet and non-calorie.

A fruit that makes sour and salty foods taste sweet.

Fermented palm sap, a drink, not sugar itself.

A tree species where sap is gathered to make maple syrup and sugar.

Substances in food or drink that are non-sugar yet add sweetness.

The protein in miracle berries that changes taste perception.

Ratio of bioethanol energy produced to energy used in its manufacture.

Bioethanol production from corn starch with energy output slightly above input (e.g., 1.3 or less).

Bioethanol production from sugarcane with energy output significantly higher than input (8 or more).

Yield per hectare of sugarcane bioethanol in Brazil (5,300-6,500 liters/hectare).

Tall perennial grass, primary source for bioethanol in Brazil.

Likely originated and domesticated in New Guinea through hybridization with species from Southeast Asia and India.

Triangular trade system where enslaved people were traded for manufactured goods and other products, including sugar.

Developed in Europe in late 1700s as a sugar source after cut off of supplies during Napoleonic Wars.

Major producer of table sugar accounting for 20-25% of global supply.

Cornstarch converted into glucose-fructose syrups via enzymatic fermentation from corn kernels.

Local sources (non-commercial) for sugar, harvested from sap or used for alcoholic beverages.

Stems and leaves of sugarcane are crushed to extract sugary juice, initially about 15% sucrose.

Extracted sugarcane juice is concentrated, centrifuged, and purified to produce pure sucrose for industrial use.

Vegetables that grow underground, either as roots, tubers, or stems.

Vegetables that grow above the ground, often as leaves, stalks, or flower parts

Modified leaves that store food and moisture; grow under the ground.

Swollen underground stems that store food, like the potato.

Vegetables, including cabbage, broccoli, and kale, that come from the mustard family.

The ratio of energy produced from bioethanol to the energy used to produce it.

Bioethanol produced with significantly more energy output than input, typically above 8.

Bioethanol produced with energy output slightly higher or even lower than the energy used in production, typically below 1.3.

A measurement showing how much energy is obtained from a fuel source compared to the energy needed to create that fuel.

A non-renewable fuel made with 5-12 carbon atoms.

Sources like switchgrass, micranthus, and hybrid poplar that are currently impractical and inefficient for bioethanol production.

Fuels produced from modifications to gasoline by adding or substituting carbon atoms.

The amount of energy gained from a fuel compared to the energy used in its creation.